Psychological Effects of Hiv Discordant Results in a Couple

MARAMBIRE EDSON TAWANDA International Institute For Capacity Development Trust Diploma In HIV Counseling, Care And Prevention SECOND BLOCK ASSIGNMENT SECTION B Discuss the possible psychological effects of HIV and AIDS on a couple that has HIV discordant results June 2011 0772 286 311 HIV discordant couples are those in which one of the couples has HIV negative and the other has HIV positive. Such couples definitely suffer from psychological effects which may range from mild to severe. Psychological effects are those thoughts, feelings and emotions that affect the mental well being of the affected and infected persons. The one living with HIV/AIDS is†¦show more content†¦It is important to keep in mind the complexity of the woman’s social and economic situation. The infected woman confronts many difficulties and complications to be able to keep medical appointments, one of which is to find someone to care for her children. If this is not possible, she has to find a way to bring them with her on public transportation and care for them during her visit in clinics or hospitals. For a woman who has severe symptoms, this is a grueling task, and she may prefer to receive medical services within the home. One of the most difficult decisions for a woman and her family is final wishes and funeral planning. Because of such social and economic challenges, fear, grief, anger, anxiety and possibly depression and suicidal thoughts are common psychological effects which will at one time haunt the infected women since the husband may distant himself, withdrawing any form of support as he accuses her of bringing the infection into the family. In countries like Zimbabwe, the cultural, social and religions expectations create beliefs about rigid gender roles that result in the lack of empowerment among women. The differences in power in interpersonal relationships create a context of oppression that propitiates psychological trauma. Either the husband or the wife may find him/herself inundated with feelings of blame if he/she fears that he/she has infected others, especially his/her children.

Meeting the Needs of the Youth Free Essays

Youth in my books would be defined as Grade 8 – Grade 12. What makes this a challenging ministry, is the ever changing make-up of the youth. It seems that every 6 months or so you have an entirely â€Å"new youth group. We will write a custom essay sample on Meeting the Needs of the Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is not â€Å"new’ in the normal sense as most of them have been In the youth ministry for a while, It Is that they have all changed and it seems like a â€Å"new† group. They speak of the generational theory, stating that each 20 years or so we have a different generation. I however see a new generation every 2 – 3 years. The culture we live In Is changing at a pace never before experienced. Simply looking at the advancement of technology over the last decade demonstrates for us the enormity of our current growth spurt. Although I fall in the same generation theory category as many of my youth, they are vastly different to me. A change has definitely taken place. I am not sure when It was that I moved out of the â€Å"cool† to â€Å"boring† category but It seems that it has happened. As all this change takes place one can only expect that the needs will also shift. What I wanted as a youth is most definitely not what the youth wants today. And it is herein that the difficulty lies, assessing the needs of the day. Meeting this Need Now that the greatest need has been identified, how are we to meet this need. Let me suggest the following methodology: 1. Clear concise exposition of the Word. There Is no other way to bring a person to the point of repentance. Paul while ministering to an Idol riddled generation, did not soften the truth. No In Acts 17 we see that Paul does not shrink in declaring the whole counsel of God. Paul even goes s far as telling the hostile audience that they need to repent. Too often today those ministering to youth do not want to teach on so called hard truths found In scripture. We are being told by the â€Å"experts† that teaching too much doctrine is not good. At a recent youth workshop we were told that teaching systematically through a book of the Bible â€Å"is Just wrong†. We were told that the youth wants fun filled stories and entertaining challenges and nothing that actually breaks down their self esteem. In saying this however, I do acknowledge that some systematic teaching can be done incorrectly, so as to bore or put anyone off. The clear concise exposition that is needed is one that requires much preparation. The preacher needs to know his audience and has to be diligent to bring the message to bear on that audience. Just as it is no use teaching speed reading to 4 year olds, it is no use teaching Supernaturalism to your youth group. It is my opinion that it takes much more work to teach the scriptures to youth and children than adults. More illustrations are needed, more explanation is needed and bridging the gap requires more work. But at he end of the day Is that not what preaching Is all about? 2. Diligent discipleship 1 OFF to convert the nations. The youth worker needs to work hard at discipline his youth. This takes the form of personal discipleship and the arranging of other discipleship relationships. It is not a dereliction of duties to ask some of the adults in the church to help with discipleship. One youth pastor cannot himself disciple the entire group. This is the primary reason I prefer not to have the main youth meeting on Sunday nights when the â€Å"adult† church meets next door. No, the young people need to get to now the church members and see how they live their Christian lives. This is not a new concept, but simply the Biblical example of having the older men and women training the younger members of the church. (Titus 2:1-8) Discipleship is hard work and time consuming, but also the most rewarding part of my ministry. What a Joy it is to see a young man growing in his walk with the Lord and seeing the same young man’s discernment consistently growing. Loving admonition It is often difficult to admonish one of the people we love and enjoy. We perceive that our admonishment will create barriers in our relationship. However â€Å"faithful are the wounds of a friend†. During my ministry I have seen that even though the initial reaction is not always what we would desire, the long term affects are rewarding. The youth sees that you are willing to admonish so that they can grow in Christ. You are not simply standing by and condoning (sometimes nonverbally) their obvious wrong behavior. This should always be done in love though. Admonishing must be done carefully and lovingly always addressing a pattern of sin and not one isolated incident. As a parent I feel the tension of loving and disciplining daily. None of us parents or youth workers delights in admonishing, but we are commanded by God to admonish. While admonishing I always keep the following two Proverbs in mind Proverbs 13:24 â€Å"He who spares the rod hates his son, But he who loves him disciplines him promptly’ and Proverbs 8:9 â€Å"Do not rebuke a scoffer, lest he hates you; Rebuke a wise man and he will love you. † 4. Purposeful ministry The adage is true, â€Å"if you aim at nothing you will be sure to hit it every time. † In order for the youth ministry to be successful it needs to have a defined purpose. A narrow repose, â€Å"having a large youth group† is not specific enough. Each youth ministry is going to have a different local purpose; I say local as the ultimate purpose should be to â€Å"bring them up in the training and admonition of the Lord†. Some local purposes will be to establish an initial vibrant youth ministry; others will be to effectively reach the local High School, or even to establish spiritual growth in a core group. Whatever your purpose, it needs to be defined and a plan of action developed. It is important to know how you plan to achieve your purpose. What steps are you going to take so as to assure (realizing it is God who builds His church) that your ministry meets the intended purpose? Conclusion While I agree that doing the same today as we did 10 years ago is not going to cut it, I argue that at the heart the ministry is the same. The youth of today has the same fundamental need as the youth 30 years ago – regeneration. If you are serious about meeting the needs of the youth this is where you must begin. Take the above begin to minister to the youth of today. Always keeping 1 Corinthians 10: 31 as your guide. How to cite Meeting the Needs of the Youth, Papers

Brief Look At The Renaissance Essay Example For Students

Brief Look At The Renaissance Essay The Renaissance, which began in Italy in 1300s, was one of the largest periods of growth and development in Western Europe. The increase in trade caused a abundance in wealth that resulted in the focusing of the arts. Such things as literature, paintings, sculptures and many more works are known to have blossomed from the period known as the Renaissance. Many other important occurrences , such as the Reformation and split of the Roman Catholic Church caused by the opposing views of Martin Luther and more of a focus on humankind called humanism, also the eight crusades to retake Jerusalem from theMuslims, played key rolls in the period of the Renaissance. The Crusades which took place before the period of the Renaissance are a major factor in the coming about or birth of theRenaissance. The eight Crusades were the efforts to take back Jerusalem from the Muslims. These Crusades introduced to Western Europe the new tastes of art, fine quisines and new types of cloth, including silk.. With this the need for trade with the Far East increased drastically. This increase in trade caused an abundance of wealth in Western Europe which intern brought new products and goods to Western Europe. In the year 1305 the Roman Catholic Church was relocated from Rome to France. With this the power of the papal states was divided among the regions leading families. Starting near the year 1300 the demand for reform began to grow at a rapid pace. By the 1600s close to half of the practicing Catholics in western Europe had left the Church to join one of the new reformer religious groups. This reform brought about new ways of thought and new attitudes towards religion and the human race. The young German scholar realized that the way to salvation was justification by faith. Martin Luthers beliefs were deemed to be heretic in nature and he was hidden away by a German prince. The word Renaissance means a rebirth. This is exactly what happened after the Crusades and split of the Roman Catholic church. A rebirth of ideas was their outcome. The most drastic change took place in art. New perspectives were created by such people as Giotto, Tommaso Masaccio, and Filippo Brunelleschi. With these new perspectives came a new age of art within the Renaissance. Many new painters learned about using shades of light and dark to create the illusion of depth, along with new techniques to make paintings more realistic. The Renaissance was truly the rebirth of lost ideas along with the birth of new ideas. The Split of the Church and the eight Crusades to recapture Jerusalem are two of the many reasons for the birth of the Renaissance, yet both are important to the birth of the Renaissance. Without the Crusades, which brought back lost works from the Roman Empire and opened trade with the far east, and the split of the Roman Catholic Church, which brought about the reforma tion of the church, there wouldnt have been enough of a basis for the Renaissance to occur.

Opinion On Affirmative Action Essays - Social Inequality

Opinion On Affirmative Action annon Note: This essay contains opinions NOT shared by the host of this web site. Affirmative action is wrong and will not help solve the problems minorities face. The reason it is wrong is because it's discrimination. It has no place in today's society in today's society because it does more bad than good. In addition to that most people don't enjoy the presence of affirmative action. Also, it appears that affirmative action can actually be detrimental to employees health. First of all, affirmative action is discrimination, there is no hiding it. When an employer hires anyone because he or she is a minority, even if someone else if more qualified to do the job, it is discrimination. Just because it is reverse discriminat ion, when whites are discriminated against and minorities are being discriminated for, doesn't make it right. Affirmative action legalizes discrimination (Steele 1990, 39). I thought discrimination was illegal in this country (Buchanan 1995, 1). Also , if this discrimination continues racism in the United States may become worse. Imagine what you would feel like if you couldn't get a job just because you are a white man and not a hispanic man. The racism will become worse because of it, and that is the very thing it is trying to prevent. It is possible that because of affirmative action, racism will grow and continue to grow until we history repeats itself and we end up living under Jim Crow laws again. That is an extreme possibility to end up und er Jim Crow laws again, but it is a definite possibility to end up somewhere close to Jim Crow laws again. In addition to that, people say affirmative action is ok because it cures past discrimination (Keyes 1996, 1). Discrimination wasn't ok when blacks were the ones getting the short end of the stick. Therefore it's not ok when whites are discriminated ag ainst (DeWit 1996, 1). Two wrongs don't make a right. Therefore, affirmative action doesn't make discrimination ok just because it's against blacks instead of whites. Affirmative action in college is the most discriminating thing this country has ever seen since the Jim Crow laws many years ago (Buchanan 1995, 1). At ivy league colleges the median GPA of applicants is close to 4.0 and S.A.T.'s are close to 1300, mino rities are let in with GPA's less than 3.0 and S.A.T.'s less than 1000 (D'Souza 1990, 231). The only way for colleges to achieve ethnic proportionalism is to downplay or abandon merit criteria and to accept students from typically under represented groups, such as blacks, hispanics, and american indians, over better qualified students from am ong whites and asian americans (D'Souza 1990, 231). Obviously, affirmative action is allowing undereducated citizens to get into college when the people that are qualified aren't getting accepted when they should. When we passed the equal opportunities law, it didn't mean treat different races differently , it means we should treat all people as equals, affirmative action doesn't treat everyone as equals (Hacker 1990, 229). If we lower acceptance standards for minorities, we should lower standards for everyone. Since nobody would do that we should raise the standard for minorities. In addition, if affirmative action gets its way, it will do more harm than good. Affirmative action will only work short term because if you hire a minority that's under qualified they'll eventually get fired. Also, you can only hire so many people, ev entually you'll get too much under qualified people working for you and you'll eventually have to abandon affirmative action all together. Also, affirmative action doesn't work because it doesn't change anything (Keyes 1996, 1). If there is racism in to day's modern age, then racism will always be present and affirmative action won't work. In addition if we need to discriminate against white people to give minorities jobs now, it won't change. Giving someone a job won't do any good in making the qualit y of life of minorities better. Just because you enroll more minorities in your college, doesn't mean you're making the playing field even. When someone isn't good enough to get into a certain college, they're out of their league when they get in. Only 15% of black and 22% of hispanic affirmative action students accepted to Berkeley in 1987 graduated (D'Souza 1990, 233). To give minorities a better life we have to fix the moral decay caused by the absence of two parent families to help minorities (K eyes 1996, 1). Affirmative action is also insulting to minorities because they may feel they have

The Ghost in Shakespeares Hamlet essays

The Ghost in Shakespeares Hamlet essays The ghost of William Shakespeares play, Hamlet, has a clear mission. He knows that the kings death must be avenged, he knows that Hamlet must do it, and he is very clear about how it should be done. The ghost knows that he must first convince Hamlet that he is who he says he is, and then he must convince Hamlet to avenge his death. His concerns are related primarily to Gertrude and Claudius but he also thinks that all of Denmark should be aware of the terrible deed that has been done. The ghost of Hamlet has a strong sense of self and he is very aware of the immediate surrounding as well as the bigger picture. He also has a plan and Hamlet is the only person that can carry out the plan. The ghost in Hamlet is one that exhibits extreme self-control throughout the entire play. We can see an example of this when the ghost and Hamlet talk at the end of Act I. The ghost is very well aware of who he is, although Hamlet expresses much doubt about his identity. When the ghost tells Hamlet that he is thy fathers spirit (Shakespeare I.v.14), we believe him because his character is strong. He is also aware of the fact that he is a ghost: Doomed for a certain term to walk the night And for the day confined to fast in fires Till the foul crimes done in my day of nature Here we see how the ghost is not only aware of the fact that he is a ghost but he knows why. He knows that he cannot tell the secrets of his house but if he could, they would freeze Hamlets blood. The ghost is also aware of Hamlets place in all of this. It is simply to avenge his fathers death, a foul and most unnatural murder (I.v.31). It is also important to note how the ghost is able to see the bigger picture. He wants Hamlet to know that he was not just murdered but he was murdered in a foul way by those closest to him. He tells Hamlet that because of how he died ...

College Admission Essay Topics

College Admission Essay Topics College Admission Essay Topics College admission custom essay writing topics may be different, but there are some standard topics requested by all colleges and universities. To understand the essence of good college essay topics read the following tips and you will improve your own writing as well as learn a lot of new about college admission essay writing. For example, you may be asked to write your essay about the person you respect: 'What person, literary character, historical personality or work of art (music, etc.) has had a significant influence on you? Please, tell more about this'. The answer to this essay question allows you to clarify who you are, what your influences are have, what your personality is, etc. Students make a mistake by thinking that this essay question relates to a specific person. Writing admission essay the students describe in detail those who had had a significant impact on their life, going into details without balancing these people with themselves. It does not matter who was your uncle or imaginary character! It is more important to show how this person has shaped your personality. You should remain focused only your personality, not your uncle's! Full attention should be attached to your traits and life experiences. Admission Essay Help Admission essay writing helps to know about your life and values. If you want to present yourself as a leader, you need to tell about the situation when your leadership skills were applied. Sure, it is possible to learn a lot about the person from the way he describes his/her friends. If you doubt this assumption, try to compare the impression of those who admire energetic sportsman and those for who talented, but passive scientists are the most admirable people. Nobody has the right to say who is better and who is worse because all people are different and there perceptions are different as well. Thus, there are no right or wrong answers to include into your admission essay writing. Admission committee attaches primary importance not to the way to characterize the person while writing an essay, but rather they are interested in the reason why you have chosen the specific person as a role model. In other words, do not choose a famous person for your college admission essay writing. Mother Teresa, as a role model, will not impress admission committee. Your choice of college admission essay topics should bring the desired result. Please keep this rule in mind. Most of the applicants talk about their parents while writing admission essay. If you are talking about your father, of course, you can say a lot, but remember that your essay should stand out from the general mass. The above tips are written by one of experts to assist you with college admission essay writing. You are welcome to ask our writers for custom admission essay writing or editing and we will produce an impressive college admission essay for you: Read more: Writers of Term Papers Term Papers Medieval Knights College Term Paper 3,000 Words Term Paper SFU Topics for a Research Paper

The Engineering Field Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Engineering Field - Research Paper Example Civil engineering is one of the oldest fields in engineering that arose out of the many challenges that humanity experienced in the early days. Civil engineers are concerned with overseeing the construction of tunnels, roads, bridges, airports and many other infrastructures. In the course of their job, civil engineers take account of several factors just to ensure that the final product meets the standards expected. This is done taking account of the fact that the products are normally expected to last for several years and withstand many environmental challenges. In that regard, the engineers will normally consider factors such as the best design to use, the environmental conditions, the lifetime expected from the infrastructure and even government regulations. Civil engineering itself incorporates many different specializations that are in one way or another related to one another. These disciplines have gradually evolved over time as new realities forced engineers to seek better w ays to cope. Some of the major components of civil engineering include structural, environmental, geotechnical water, construction and urban planning. Normally in practice these fields relate to each other as engineers do their work. The most conspicuous field that comes to mind whenever someone talks about civil engineering is structural engineering. Here, engineers are faced with the difficult task of designing enduring structures that will resist all the environmental confrontations. They must use the appropriate materials to ensure the work is properly done. On the other hand, the knowledge of environmental engineers become almost indispensable as we try conserve the few resources that continue to diminish as the world’s population continue to surge. Their main concern is to provide a safe environment for humanity despite the pollution, to provide better ways of disposing our hazardous waste and how to manage the world’s water resources for us and for the posterity . Geotechnical engineering is concerned with those infrastructural facilities that are below the ground or dealing with the soil. A geotechnical engineer will therefore analyze such aspects as the type of soil, the stability of the ground, slopes and the quality of the rocks in a given area to determine whether they can support structures like tunnels, sewage systems, dam embankments and other infrastructure. A construction engineer on the other hand is concerned about all forms of transport infrastructure like roads, highways, railroads, airports etc. All these areas will no doubt require the best of minds given that quality should never be compromised in engineering. The most important aspect to note is that engineering is never a solitary venture. It is all about interdependence of different disciplines like architecture, survey and other areas all of which combine to give the knowledge that we seek in advancing humanity forward. List specific core (junior and/or senior) courses which are of the most interest to you and why. Also include three schools which offer the program.

2.Neorealism and Complexity theory and their different notions of the Essay

2.Neorealism and Complexity theory and their different notions of the term system - Essay Example According to the complexity theory, studies (Waldrop 1992) indicate that the way systems are organized is not a coincidence. It is a result of laws of nature that are not fully understood but allow systems to organize themselves and freely bring about order (Waldrop 1992). It perceives a system as being able to demonstrate properties and patterned behaviors that are not found in any of the individual elements that make it up (Battram 2002). According to neorealism, anarchy and distribution of capabilities are the ordering principles that define the international structure (Mearsheimer 2001). They are quantified by the number of great powers in the international system. In the international system, the anarchic ordering principle is decentralized and composed of sovereign states which will not subordinate their interests for the sake of others (Waltz 1979). With regards to changes in distribution of capabilities, neorealism provides three systems. There is a unipolar system which only has one great power, then the bipolar system with two great powers and thirdly, the multipolar system that has more than two great powers (Waltz 1979). This theory contends that the bipolar system is less vulnerable to systemic changes and great power war than the multipolar system. This is because in the bipolar system, balancing only takes place internally without great powers to form alliances with, limiting the chances for errors and g reat power war (Mearsheimer 2001). In conclusion, the complexity theory views a system as one that numerous independent agents interact with each other in multiple and infinite ways. Conversely, neorealism views a system from the angle of structural constraints rather than the motivations and strategies of its

Paddy Power Case Study Essay Example for Free

Paddy Power Case Study Essay Alina Wheeler defined branding as a disciplined process used to build awareness and extend customer loyalty (). Branding is about seizing every opportunity (), a desire to lead, outpace the competition and give employees the best tools to reach customers. Paddy Power has accomplished to adhere to all those principles, all through their accession to becoming the largest betting firm in Ireland. The company had to rebrand, to become a broader-based entertainment company and to this extend a number of changes took place to establish their new identity and service brand. The image of a fun, friendly and fair was promoted to differentiate them from the competition and they made changes in their structure to facilitate each one of those elements. Making it fun entailed broadening the appeal of betting, bets on celebrities, elections, stocks, and anything people where interested in became available. They enhanced the customer’s experience with bigger brighter and better designed outlets, audio and video equipment and interaction terminals. They invested in training their staff to improve the customer’s experience and support their friendly image. They promoted their image of fairness through money back specials, putting emphasis on the circumstances rather than the rules. All those steps where aimed in enhancing the Paddy Power brand. Additionally by creating controversial advertisements and consistently denying to ‘playing by the rules’ they created a buzz around their brand, they became a topic of conversation and that led to enhanced brand recognition and awareness by the public. To demonstrate this we can consider the fact that the Paddy Power brand recognition in Ireland has now reached 90%. All those decisions changed the perception not only of the Paddy Power service brand but the perception of the betting industry. The closer we examine the company it becomes clear that they are determined to disassociate the brand from the ordinary, to create new rules instead of adhering to the existing ones, and this is what makes Paddy Power unique. When faced with restrictions on sponsorship they got a player to change his name to Paddy Power by deed poll, when their outdoor campaign of the Last Supper was deemed offensive and had to be removed they instead covered the poster with a sticker that read â€Å" There’s a place for fun and games. Apparently this is not it†. The company has also capitilised on opportunities to connect with different segments of the market. The launch of websites such paddypowerbingo.com directed at the female customer is an example of this. What is so unique about this approach is that the combination of fun, fair and friendly has set the company apart from the competition. The element of differentiation is really strong in the brand as no other betting firm approaches the market the same way. Paddy Power established their service brand by changing their image, coming closer to the consumer and by cutting through the proliferation of choices as in the mind of the consumer they became synonymous with providing an exceptional service, in every way.

The Rise of Technology and Film throughout the Twentieth Century :: Film Movie Movies Technology Computers

The Rise of Technology and Film throughout the Twentieth Century As time and people are continually changing, so is knowledge and information; and in the film industry there are inevitable technological advances necessary to keep the attraction of the public. It is through graphic effects, sounds and visual recordings that all individuals see how we have evolved to present day digital technology; and it is because of the efforts and ideas of the first and latest great innovators of the twentieth century that we have advanced in film and computers. Technology is a central issue surrounding film making from the times of Charlie Chaplin's silent films to today's modern and computer-animated films such as George Lucas's Star Wars. In addition there have been a system of changes in computer, phone and video enhancement which has propelled vast amounts of information knowledge to the public at a rapid rate. Film was not always as it is today due to the digital sounds and graphic picture enhancements of George Lucas's THX digital sound in the late 1970s to enhance the audience's perceptions. Sound was first discovered in 1928 and the first films before that were silent. There is a social need to heighten an audience's film going experience and it allows each person to color their own views of what they see and presents either directly or indirectly society's moral values. Time is a major factor in innovation because it provides visions, which point to the future but do not disregard the attempts of innovation in the past. Such inventions are Industrial Light and Magic's development of special effects like motion-control camera's which alter the audience's perceptions and create a more realistic setting to enhance the imagination. Entertainment has traveled from burlesque and vaudeville to high tech filmmaking, and this is the physical existence of our century. The Era of Silent Film in the early 1900s had such geniuses as Charlie Chaplin who paved the road to the time of the "talkies" and to development of sound. If not for him and some other "greats" along the way, where would our film culture be today? Much of the history of our nation seems to be held as digital recordings through visuals. In this respect it is interwoven with the current era of computer information because we want to preserve and record the history of the present as well as at the turn of the millennium.

Production †Establishing a Business Essay

This School Based Assessment is based on a business plan for Otaku Cafe. It is written with the intent to learn what it takes to start a business and to have something to use as a proposal to address potential investors and show the feasibility of the business. Business Description Otaku Cafe will be a cafe where people can come and read and write while enjoying sweet treats and coffee. It will be a sole trader business that sells sweets and beverages made right in the shop, fresh every day. The main objectives of this business will be to make 100% profit and to eventually open other branches all the while satisfying customers and bringing together people who have similar interests and reawakening people’s interest in books. Justification of Location The cafe’s location will be in Heritage Quay on the board walk. This is the chosen location because of the flow of customers who pass through due to the other businesses in the area and the tourists that come from the cruise ship. This location is in town but away from the traffic congestion; roads, water and electricity will also be easily accessible from the location. Also it is near the port, making it easier to get stocks from overseas. The lack of competitor cafes and the ready supply of possible labour from the surrounding area make this an optimum location. Selection of Appropriate Labour Skilled Employees Barista – At least 2 will be necessary. They will be responsible for the making of quality beverages, handling the customers Assistant baker – At least 3 will be needed. The assistant baker will be responsible for cleaning baking equipment and preparing and organising products in preparation for the baker Waiter / Waitress – At least 4 will be necessary. They will be responsible for taking customer orders and delivering them their meals and beverages in a timely manner, delivering the bill to customers and clearing dirty wares from the tables. Sources of fixed and working capital The business premises, vehicles such as vans that may be used for transport of the product and raw materials, computers that are used, machinery such as ovens, coffee machines, heated display cases, freezers, are fixed capital, all which will be essential to the business but can be used to gain funds through their sale though they most likely would not be sold as they would be vital to the running of the business. Working capital will be gained first through small business loans from a commercial bank and will later be created through the money made from the sales of the cafe’s goods as working capital is the variable types of capitol made throughout the course of the business that can be readily converted into monetary funds. Roles of the Entrepreneur Creating and setting the concept the business will be bases on Providing funding for the business Planning for the establishment of the business Organize resources for business operation Type of Production The business will be involved in the production of the service of providing food and goods to customers as well as an entertaining experience at the cafe. Level of Production Production in the business will be on a domestic level, only producing for the local market as it is a more plausible level of production and more fiscally sound. Quality Control Measures Quality control within the business will be maintained through the strict adherence to recipes set for products, the hiring of mostly skilled workers and regular quality checks so as to ensure output of only optimum products and services to the customers. Use of technology Technology used in the business Internet Point of Sales system Accounting software (QuickBooks) Linkages The business will be involved in linkages with wholesale suppliers or producers of coffee, tea and other such beverages as well as suppliers or producers of fruits or fruit jams such as local farmers, producers of flour, dairy products and other suck materials needed to produce the goods of the cafe, to create an economic flow locally and to increase possible output and profit. Potential for Growth Growth within the business will be expected and hopefully the business will have to eventually move to a larger location, purchase more equipment to keep up with product demand and if possible, maybe even open other branches across the island. Government Regulations As a business earning money it will be required to be registered and pay taxes such as corporate taxes which are 2% of profits, custom tariffs, licence for importations and applying for work permits for any non-national employees and fulfilling payments of Social Security and Medical Benefits for employees. Ethical Issues Ethical issues such as the prompt payment of taxes, the correct labelling and advertising of products and the sales of quality goods instead of substandard or shoddy goods are all ethical standards that will be upheld by the business.

Islam and Islamic Fundamentalism Essay

the lingering fear of terrorist attacks and threats to US homeland security. Indeed, the prejudice against Muslims and Islam adherents has become more pervasive in a post-9/11 America, where the racial stereotyping of Muslims as terrorists or suicide bombers endanger not only those who are cast in such a negative light but also those whose paranoia renders them insensitive and unable to fully grasp the roots of the conflicts based on faith. In his analysis of the roots of Islamic fundamentalism, Hashemi (2004) asserts that there is nothing particularly Islamic about Islamic fundamentalism. Instead, Islamic or any other form of religious fundamentalism for that matter should be examined not from the context of the religious ideology per se but from the social, political, and economic factors that shape and continue to affect the history and current events in Muslim societies. Indeed, Hashemi points to the ongoing social transformation and transition of Islamic societies from the traditional to modern that have been characterized by growing restlessness among the lower ranks of society especially with the connivance between the elite and foreign interests. To be able to understand how and why Islamic fundamentalism thrives and flourishes in a world that is supposedly dominantly democratic therefore requires an examination not only of the inherent characteristics of Islam as a religion and the entire cultural and economic spheres of Muslim life but also the influence of foreign policies of powerful nations on the development of these countries. It also entails an examination of the role of gender and class in the creation of socially acceptable standards for religious adherence and how attitudes and preconceived notions of religiosity affect the individual and collective decision to engage in hostile and violent religious activities. Thus, while religious fundamentalism may superficially appear to be the product of Islam’s teaching, Hashemi argues that it is the general tendency of extremists to take things literally; referring to the latter’s justification of violent actions as the â€Å"holy war† or jihad. Likewise, the rapid urbanization and modernization of these societies owing to the intervention of highly-industrialized economies and the subsequent imposition of foreign development paradigms on their own culture and way of life promotes the feeling of being threatened by the West’s tendency to homogenize cultures, ideologies, and economies, which give rise to the perceived need to defend Islam and the Muslim world in general. It could be, as Hashemi posits, that many individuals in the Muslim countries are attracted to the highly messianic premise of fundamentalist beliefs especially at a time when most of these countries are under attack from neo-liberal interests and the developed world is keen on its pursuit of strategic business interests in these regions. In the end, the motivations and driving force of Islamic Fundamentalism, as Hashemi says, may be likened to the very same social forces that have sparked the conflicts, upheavals, and revolutions at the eve of the birth of every new social order. Only this time, these forces happen to be bonded by their common allegiance to the Islamic faith and their pursuit for self-determination.

buy custom Moral Philosophy essay

buy custom Moral Philosophy essay The moral philosophies of Aristotle and Plato have some similarities and differences. One of Platos main arguments is that the structuring of the elements of the soul would result onto great benefit (Grube and Plato 27-31). He exemplifies this through an examination of how traditional values may be interpreted from the perspective of fostering the proper interaction between reason and the less logical psyche. Aristotles thinking is similar to Platos in that his function argument is heavily tilted on the premise that good results from a dominance of reason. Aristotle however differs from Plato in that he does not rely on Metaphysics to make conclusions as Plato did in the Republic. Aristotle does not believe in Platos premise that in order to be a person of virtue, they must study all branches of knowledge in a holistic manner. According to Aristotle, ethics is an autonomous branch of knowledge and in order to be virtuous one need not be an expert in all branches of knowledge (Chase a nd Aristotle 6-8). Plato asserts that the type of virtue, which we ought to have like a desirable in itself and also for its consequent results. According to Plato, justice fits in this category since it is desirable in itself and results in positive consequences in the society (Grube and Plato 49-53). Aristotle, on the other hand, makes the assumption that if one thing is desirable for the sake of another then it must be better than it. This, therefore, follows that the highest form of good would be one that is not hinged on anything else, but rather on its own sake. Aristotle argues for the centrality of good in a successful life by explaining that a virtuous individual will rarely live his life without contentment, affluence, friends, and honor. The performance of good deeds in itself does not guarantee happiness at all times, but rather it serves as the objective in which antecedent components of happiness are achieved. Aristotles concept, therefore, makes the connection between virtue and antecede nt results to be of more significance than in Platos conceptions (Chase and Aristotle 25-32). Issues such an isolation, poverty and dishonor usually restrict people from exercising virtuous deeds, which in turn robs them of happiness even though he adds that there are various exceptions. Aristotle and Plato would have opiions concerning American consumerism, which would be similar in some aspects and different to some extent. Aristotle in many instances makes reference to the importance of pleasure to the human condition. Aristotle argues that a happy life is a function of the pleasure that a virtuous life brings upon a person (Chase and Aristotle 78-81). Consumerism is said to be a psychological condition, which leads a person to purchase things simply because such purchases induce pleasurable feelings. According to Aristotle, a lack of external goods which in this instance are representative of American consumerism would lead to negative consequences. He explains that this lack would result into people`s less virtuous lives. Aristotle makes very important assertion that in some instances which may be considered pleasurable by someone may not be pleasurable to others at all. The issue of consumerism would apply to this notion in that consumerism in the United States is driven by the Joness syndrome whereby people purchase things not because they need them, but because they have seen others with them. People usually assume that some expensive things will bring most pleasure while this is not always true. Platos response with regard to consumerism would probably be best represented by his notion of measure for measure. American consumerism is exemplified by excessive purchase of items, which is deemed relatively excessive and expensive. Plato makes the assertion that a measurement or quantification of pleasure would be instrumental in measuring the virtuosity of any pleasure. This follows that any purchases which are deemed to be excessive or too expensive would be deemed by Plato as lacking virtue. Plato goes further to talk of balance and stability which results from measure. Consumerism will thus be perceived from the perspective of the balance of things bought and whether they are essential or not. According to Plato, the seeing of pleasure is usually a result of the endeavor to restore a balance within the body or soul of a person. Pleasure would thus be good, if they are intended to restore the mental or physical equilibrium (Grube and Plato 23-25). Indulging in pleasure without an understanding of measure, objective or quantity would be harmful. Since consumerism is characterized by a lack of measure and wrong motives, it would be considered morally wrong by Plato. My philosophical response to American consumerism would borrow from the assertions of both Aristotle and Plato with regard to pleasure and happiness. I consider consumerism to be against the basic criterion of not acting in a manner that is in the extremities. Since pleasure is a function of the human race, I believe that it is inevitable that human beings require a certain amount of consumerism in order to be happy. However, the exercise of pleasure ought to be exercised in combination with logical reasoning. This type of reasoning is supported by Platos reasoning which asserts the importance of pleasure, but stresses the importance of measure. Measure in this instance is a function of reason and logic. Human beings by nature are given to aspects of limits and non limits. It is a combination of these two elements in the right proportions which gives rise to harmonious ethical relationship (Grube and Plato 56-58). Consumerism if exercised with the right combination of restraint and p leasure is acceptable, if it allows the individual to have happiness with no negative effects such as debt. I would also make my observation on American consumerism which would be compatible with some of Aristotles ideas. I believe that consumerism ought to be practiced from the perspective of consideration of other antecedent factors. It is important for people to engage in consumerism, while analyzing their circumstances at the present and future time. Engaging in consumerism without an analysis of the present and the past would result in negative effects of unhappiness due to unpleasant consequences such as depletion of savings. American consumerism is undertaken by people in order to attain a certain kind of pleasure. I believe that pleasure may be achieved through a variety of avenues and not only consumerism. Americans should, therefore, make a careful analysis of the pleasure activities available to them. Since consumerism in most instances results in negative consequences, it is advisable that people engage in other activities such as spending time with family or sports which would give the same pleasure and other related benefits. This view is supported by Aristotles assertion that pleasure activities are usually in competition with each other and as such people ought to opt for those activities which result in the least negative effects and the most benefit (Chase and Aristotle 138-143). Buy custom Moral Philosophy essay

Career Guidance

2. compare geographic information and develop hypotheses about the economic development and standard of living in various countries. 3. examine geographic information to test hypotheses. 4. make inferences about other factors that influence the economic development/ standard of living of a country. Standards: 1,11,15,16 Skills: 1,2,4,5 Materials: Maps showing resources Map of Africa Chart showing per capita GNP Pictures to stimulate discussion Procedures: PREPARATION: 1. Label 10 x 13 size envelopes (3 per group) as follows: Group 1 Envelope A Group 1 Envelope B Group 1 Envelope C. Repeat for groups 2 – 7. 2. Copy the attached copy of the seven individual countries seven times and make a transparency of it. Cut out the seven map keys and one copy of each individual country. Attach one country and the map key to half a sheet of construction paper and laminate if possible. Place country A in Envelope A for Group 1, country B in Envelope A for Group 2, etc. 3. Make seven copies of a blackline map of Africa and seven copies of a chart showing per capita GNP figures for Africa. Mount the map and the chart on construction paper and also laminate, if possible. Place a copy of the map and the chart in Envelope B for each group. 4. Find pictures to represent the various factors to be discussed (as many as possible). You would need seven pictures to represent each factor (one for each group) or seven copies. Mount these on construction paper and laminate. Place pictures in Envelope C for each group. 71 GROUPS: Divide the class into groups (up to 7). QUESTION: Ask: When you hear the term standard of living, what does it mean to you? After the Discussion, which should include the definition of standard of living (see definitions), explain that the first factor that influences a country’s standard of living is the material wealth as evidenced by a country’s natural resources and agricultural products. BRAINSTORM: Distribute the 3 envelopes to each group but ask them not to open any of them until they are asked to do so. Tell them that Envelope A contains the map of an individual country and the map key. All names have been removed so that they will not be able to bring any prior knowledge to this activity. Have them open Envelope A and examine the map and the key. List the resources and products shown and then brainstorm about what can be done with those resources and products and how to obtain anything they need but don’t have. (approximately 5 minutes) MAKE COMPARISONS: Show transparencies of all seven countries. Let each group report. Write their finding on the transparency beside the appropriate country or on the chalkboard. HYPOTHESIZE: Based on the brainstorming, which country is wealthiest? Rate them from 1 to (varies). (Depends on number of groups used). Write the ratings on the transparency. INTRODUCE VOCABULARY: Explain that the reason you examined the resources and products of each country first is that a country’s resources and products influence the material wealth and therefore the economic development and standard of living of a country. One measure of a country’s standard of living is per capita GNP. Define per capita GNP. (See definitions) EXAMINE MAP AND CHART: Tell your groups to open Envelope B. Compare the map of Africa and identify the particular country they were working with. They should raise their hands and tell you so you can mark it on the transparency as soon as they find it. Then ask them to look up their country’s per capita GNP and add it to the information already on the transparency. Now check your hypotheses. How do the countries really rate? If all is well, you should have them rated incorrectly so you can point out that there are other factors that playa part. (See introduction. ) EXAMINE PICTURES: In Envelope C, which may be opened now, you will find pictures related to a country’s standard of living. Take about 2 minutes to identify the factor each picture represents. Put a list on the overhead and tell your groups that they are now going to draw some conclusions about these factors and how they influence a country’s standard of living. (If you made copies of pictures you may want to put the originals up in the room and/or make transparencies of them). 72 DRAW CONCLUSIONS: Have groups discuss and come to some conclusions about how each of the factors influence a country’s economic development/standard of living. Then ask about any other factors they can think of. See attached list as a hint but there may be others). VOCABULARY: Economic systems – the approach or technique that a country uses to deal with scarcity and achieve its economic goals. Standard of Living -ca measure of the amount of good and services an individual or group considers essential to well-being. GNP or gross national product – a measure of the value of all the good and services pro duced by a nation in a given time period, usually one year. Per capita GNP – GNP is divided by the population. The amount of money per person the people of a country or in a certain region earn. Life expectancy – the average number of years people can be expected to live. Literacy rate – the ratio of the number of people in a population who can read and write of the total number of persons in a population. Birth rate – the ratio of the number of live births during one year to the total population, expressed as the number of births per year per 1000 population. Death rate (mortality rate) – the ratio of the number of deaths during one year to the total population, expressed as the number of deaths per year per 1000 population. Infant mortality rate – the ratio consisting of the annual number of deaths of infants not over one year old to the total number of live births during that year. Infrastructure – the basic structure of services, installations, and facilities needed to support industrial, and other economic development; included are transport and communications, along with water, power, and other public utilities. Natural increase – the number of births in a country minus the number of deaths Population growth rate – natural increase plus migration into a country minus migration out ofa country. o FACTORS INTRODUCED IN PICTURES: . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Water (affects the economic and agricultural development) Sanitation (affects health and life expectancy) Health care (affects life expectancy, infant mortality rate, birth rate, death rate) Population growth (natural increase and population growth rate) Nutrition (affects health and life expectancy) Education (affects literacy rate ) SOME OTHER POSSIBLE FACTORS: 1. War 2. Infrastructure 3. Political instability 4. Environment/topography 73 o L I o I I iii , I 200 400 600 ! , , 800 Miles I I 400 800 Kilometers 74 Activity 2 † 1 V’ ~ cattle Coal Cocoa Coffee .. /Itt:; ?’ Diamonds FISh Gold . Grapes Iron Ore · c:::J e P8Irn Oil Peanuts RIce Sheep e .! i’t .0 a ~. ~ Com Cotton Copper Oat.. I 1 †¢ † ~ dfI Lumber Oil Other City IA , †¢ Tea Tobacco Identify each country based on shape and resources Note: Shapes are accurate but country size is not to scale Wheat Capital 75 Western Sahara Tunisia Sudan Libya · Morocco Egypt N. AFRICA Algeria 0. 25 9. 619 29. 49 . 5. 114 28. 778 68. 344 31. 471 173 Population mid ·2000 (millions) 2. 86 1. 58 2. 16 1. 69 2. 48 1. 98 2. 36 2 Natural Increase (annual %) 24 44 32 41 28 35 29 34 â€Å"Doubling Time† in years 150 35 69. 5 37 33. 3 52. 44 51 Infant Mortality Rate 0 B C B B B B Data Availability Code 61 N/A 27 54 86 44 49 46 Percent Urban 47 69 51 69 75 65 69 64 Life Expectancy at Birth, Total 35 N/A 43 34 40 37 39 38 Percent of Population of Age 15 2060 N/A 290 1240 1290 nla 1550 1200 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD Population mid ·2000 (millions) Natural Increase (annual %) â€Å" Doubling Time† in years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USO Guinea Ghana Burk. Faso Cape Verele Cote d’lvoirE Gambia W. AFRICA Benin 19. 534 1. 05 15. 98 0. 401 11. 946 6. 396 234. 456 2. 4 2. 41 2. 19 2. 82 2. 94 2. 83 2. 8 29 29 32 25 24 24 25 56. 2 130 76. 9 112. 2 105. 3 93. 9 89 C C B B C B B 37 37 46 44 15 38 35 58 45 47 68 47 50 51 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 340 390 700 240 1200 380 340 7. 466 2. 38 29 98 ~ 26 45 3 530 N. AFRICA Population mid ·2000 (millions) Continued Natural Increase (annual %) â€Å"Doubling Time† in years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USO Nigeria Senegal Mali Mauritania Niger Liberia G. Bissau 10. 076 11. 234 2. 7 123. 338 3. 164 1. 213 2. 97 3. 23 3. 1 2. 72 2. 84 2. 22 25 23 21 22 24 31 123. 1 139. 1 122. 5 92 77. 2 130 C C C C C C C 45 26 54 17 22 36 50 53 54 41 45 52 4 4 3 2 4 3 410 200 160 N/A 250 300 ————— 9. 481 2. 79 25 67. 7 41 52 3 520 â€Å"†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ~-~~————————————– Congo, Oem. Equatorial Guinea Congo Cameroon Cen. Af. Rep Chad MID ·AFRICA Angola 0. 453 51. 965 2. 831 3. 513 7. 977 15. 422 Population mld ·2000 (millions) 96. 425 12. 878 2. 4S 2. 4 3. 19 3. 29 Natural Increase (annual %) 2. 58  ·2. 03 2. 96 3 28 29 22 21 â€Å"Doubling Time† in years 34 27 23 23 108. 108 108. 6 109. 8 Infant Mortality Rate 96. 7 125 77 106 C 0 C B C Data Availability Code C 0 41 29 37 Percent Urban 44 39 22 32 32 48 49 50 Life Expectancy at Birth, Total 48 55 45 47 49 43 48 43 Percent of Population of Age 15 44 43 44 46 48 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD 680 110 610 300 230 1110 320 380 Namibia South Africa MID_AFRICA Gabon Sao Tome S. A FRICA Botswana Lesotho 2. 143 1. 771 Population mid ·2000 (millions) 0. 16 49. 915 1. 576 continued 1. 226 2. 07 1. 667 Natural Increase (annual %) 3. 4 1. 3 1. 55 2. 16 33 45 42 â€Å"Doubling Time† in years 20 52 32 84. 5 68. 3 57. 50. 8 51 Infant Mortality Rate 87 C B B Data Availability Code C C B Percent Urban 16 49 73 44 42 27 Life Expectancy at Birth, Total 53 64 54 44 46 52 Percent of Population of Age 15 47 41 35 41 44 39 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD 270 570 4170 3100 3070 1940 I 43. 421 1. 27 55 45. 4 i 45 551 34 3310 (:: S. AFRICA  ·Populatlon mld ·2000 (millions) continued Natural Increase (annual %) â€Å"Doubling Time† in years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent- Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD Swaziland 1. 004 1. 5 37 107. 7 C 22 38 47  ·1400 —- ——— N. AFRICA Population mid-2000 (millions) continued Natural Increase (annual %) â€Å"Doublin g Time† in years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD Sierra Leone Togo E. AFRICA Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea 5. 019 246. 235 0. 578 0. 638 5. 233 6. 054 2. 78 2. 64 3. 07 2. 4 2. 28 2. 49 23 25 26 29 28 30 79. 7 157 102 74. 8 77. 3 115 C C B 0 C C 31 37 20 29 8 83 49 45 46 59 48 47 . 48 3 45 42 3 41 370 N/A 140 3~0 140 4. 14~ 2. 9~ 2~ 1. S 1e 55 43 200 Population mid-2000 . (millions) Natural Increase (annual %) â€Å"Doubling Time† In years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD E. AFRICA continued Madagascar Malawi Mauritus Mozambique Reunion Kenya Ethiopia 30. 34 14. 858 1. 189 19. 105 10. 385 64. 117 2. 105 2. 943 2. 19 2. 4 1. 91 ‘1. 05 33 29 24 36 66 32 73. 7 96. 3 126. 8 19. 4 133. 9 116 B C A B B C B 20 43 28 15 22 20 49 46 52 39 70 40 N/A 46 45 26 45 46 46 350 260 100 3730 210 210 N/A 0. 716 1. 1 49 9 73 30. ~ E. AFRICA Population mld-2000 (millions) continued Natural Increase (annual %) I†Doubling Time† in years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD Seychelles Somalia Uganda Rwanda Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe 0. 082 7. 229 7. 253 35. 306 23. 318 9. 582 2. 29 1. 07 2. 87 2. 86 2. 88 1. 96 65 30 24 24 24 35 120. 9 8. 5 125. 8 98. 8 81. 3 109 0 0 B C B B B 5 59 24 20 15 38 39 N/A 46 53 42 37 28 45 44 49 45 45 6420 N/A 230 220 310 330 11. 343 1 69 80 32 40 44 620 Career Guidance 2. compare geographic information and develop hypotheses about the economic development and standard of living in various countries. 3. examine geographic information to test hypotheses. 4. make inferences about other factors that influence the economic development/ standard of living of a country. Standards: 1,11,15,16 Skills: 1,2,4,5 Materials: Maps showing resources Map of Africa Chart showing per capita GNP Pictures to stimulate discussion Procedures: PREPARATION: 1. Label 10 x 13 size envelopes (3 per group) as follows: Group 1 Envelope A Group 1 Envelope B Group 1 Envelope C. Repeat for groups 2 – 7. 2. Copy the attached copy of the seven individual countries seven times and make a transparency of it. Cut out the seven map keys and one copy of each individual country. Attach one country and the map key to half a sheet of construction paper and laminate if possible. Place country A in Envelope A for Group 1, country B in Envelope A for Group 2, etc. 3. Make seven copies of a blackline map of Africa and seven copies of a chart showing per capita GNP figures for Africa. Mount the map and the chart on construction paper and also laminate, if possible. Place a copy of the map and the chart in Envelope B for each group. 4. Find pictures to represent the various factors to be discussed (as many as possible). You would need seven pictures to represent each factor (one for each group) or seven copies. Mount these on construction paper and laminate. Place pictures in Envelope C for each group. 71 GROUPS: Divide the class into groups (up to 7). QUESTION: Ask: When you hear the term standard of living, what does it mean to you? After the Discussion, which should include the definition of standard of living (see definitions), explain that the first factor that influences a country’s standard of living is the material wealth as evidenced by a country’s natural resources and agricultural products. BRAINSTORM: Distribute the 3 envelopes to each group but ask them not to open any of them until they are asked to do so. Tell them that Envelope A contains the map of an individual country and the map key. All names have been removed so that they will not be able to bring any prior knowledge to this activity. Have them open Envelope A and examine the map and the key. List the resources and products shown and then brainstorm about what can be done with those resources and products and how to obtain anything they need but don’t have. (approximately 5 minutes) MAKE COMPARISONS: Show transparencies of all seven countries. Let each group report. Write their finding on the transparency beside the appropriate country or on the chalkboard. HYPOTHESIZE: Based on the brainstorming, which country is wealthiest? Rate them from 1 to (varies). (Depends on number of groups used). Write the ratings on the transparency. INTRODUCE VOCABULARY: Explain that the reason you examined the resources and products of each country first is that a country’s resources and products influence the material wealth and therefore the economic development and standard of living of a country. One measure of a country’s standard of living is per capita GNP. Define per capita GNP. (See definitions) EXAMINE MAP AND CHART: Tell your groups to open Envelope B. Compare the map of Africa and identify the particular country they were working with. They should raise their hands and tell you so you can mark it on the transparency as soon as they find it. Then ask them to look up their country’s per capita GNP and add it to the information already on the transparency. Now check your hypotheses. How do the countries really rate? If all is well, you should have them rated incorrectly so you can point out that there are other factors that playa part. (See introduction. ) EXAMINE PICTURES: In Envelope C, which may be opened now, you will find pictures related to a country’s standard of living. Take about 2 minutes to identify the factor each picture represents. Put a list on the overhead and tell your groups that they are now going to draw some conclusions about these factors and how they influence a country’s standard of living. (If you made copies of pictures you may want to put the originals up in the room and/or make transparencies of them). 72 DRAW CONCLUSIONS: Have groups discuss and come to some conclusions about how each of the factors influence a country’s economic development/standard of living. Then ask about any other factors they can think of. See attached list as a hint but there may be others). VOCABULARY: Economic systems – the approach or technique that a country uses to deal with scarcity and achieve its economic goals. Standard of Living -ca measure of the amount of good and services an individual or group considers essential to well-being. GNP or gross national product – a measure of the value of all the good and services pro duced by a nation in a given time period, usually one year. Per capita GNP – GNP is divided by the population. The amount of money per person the people of a country or in a certain region earn. Life expectancy – the average number of years people can be expected to live. Literacy rate – the ratio of the number of people in a population who can read and write of the total number of persons in a population. Birth rate – the ratio of the number of live births during one year to the total population, expressed as the number of births per year per 1000 population. Death rate (mortality rate) – the ratio of the number of deaths during one year to the total population, expressed as the number of deaths per year per 1000 population. Infant mortality rate – the ratio consisting of the annual number of deaths of infants not over one year old to the total number of live births during that year. Infrastructure – the basic structure of services, installations, and facilities needed to support industrial, and other economic development; included are transport and communications, along with water, power, and other public utilities. Natural increase – the number of births in a country minus the number of deaths Population growth rate – natural increase plus migration into a country minus migration out ofa country. o FACTORS INTRODUCED IN PICTURES: . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Water (affects the economic and agricultural development) Sanitation (affects health and life expectancy) Health care (affects life expectancy, infant mortality rate, birth rate, death rate) Population growth (natural increase and population growth rate) Nutrition (affects health and life expectancy) Education (affects literacy rate ) SOME OTHER POSSIBLE FACTORS: 1. War 2. Infrastructure 3. Political instability 4. Environment/topography 73 o L I o I I iii , I 200 400 600 ! , , 800 Miles I I 400 800 Kilometers 74 Activity 2 † 1 V’ ~ cattle Coal Cocoa Coffee .. /Itt:; ?’ Diamonds FISh Gold . Grapes Iron Ore · c:::J e P8Irn Oil Peanuts RIce Sheep e .! i’t .0 a ~. ~ Com Cotton Copper Oat.. I 1 †¢ † ~ dfI Lumber Oil Other City IA , †¢ Tea Tobacco Identify each country based on shape and resources Note: Shapes are accurate but country size is not to scale Wheat Capital 75 Western Sahara Tunisia Sudan Libya · Morocco Egypt N. AFRICA Algeria 0. 25 9. 619 29. 49 . 5. 114 28. 778 68. 344 31. 471 173 Population mid ·2000 (millions) 2. 86 1. 58 2. 16 1. 69 2. 48 1. 98 2. 36 2 Natural Increase (annual %) 24 44 32 41 28 35 29 34 â€Å"Doubling Time† in years 150 35 69. 5 37 33. 3 52. 44 51 Infant Mortality Rate 0 B C B B B B Data Availability Code 61 N/A 27 54 86 44 49 46 Percent Urban 47 69 51 69 75 65 69 64 Life Expectancy at Birth, Total 35 N/A 43 34 40 37 39 38 Percent of Population of Age 15 2060 N/A 290 1240 1290 nla 1550 1200 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD Population mid ·2000 (millions) Natural Increase (annual %) â€Å" Doubling Time† in years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USO Guinea Ghana Burk. Faso Cape Verele Cote d’lvoirE Gambia W. AFRICA Benin 19. 534 1. 05 15. 98 0. 401 11. 946 6. 396 234. 456 2. 4 2. 41 2. 19 2. 82 2. 94 2. 83 2. 8 29 29 32 25 24 24 25 56. 2 130 76. 9 112. 2 105. 3 93. 9 89 C C B B C B B 37 37 46 44 15 38 35 58 45 47 68 47 50 51 3 3 3 3 6 3 3 340 390 700 240 1200 380 340 7. 466 2. 38 29 98 ~ 26 45 3 530 N. AFRICA Population mid ·2000 (millions) Continued Natural Increase (annual %) â€Å"Doubling Time† in years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USO Nigeria Senegal Mali Mauritania Niger Liberia G. Bissau 10. 076 11. 234 2. 7 123. 338 3. 164 1. 213 2. 97 3. 23 3. 1 2. 72 2. 84 2. 22 25 23 21 22 24 31 123. 1 139. 1 122. 5 92 77. 2 130 C C C C C C C 45 26 54 17 22 36 50 53 54 41 45 52 4 4 3 2 4 3 410 200 160 N/A 250 300 ————— 9. 481 2. 79 25 67. 7 41 52 3 520 â€Å"†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ~-~~————————————– Congo, Oem. Equatorial Guinea Congo Cameroon Cen. Af. Rep Chad MID ·AFRICA Angola 0. 453 51. 965 2. 831 3. 513 7. 977 15. 422 Population mld ·2000 (millions) 96. 425 12. 878 2. 4S 2. 4 3. 19 3. 29 Natural Increase (annual %) 2. 58  ·2. 03 2. 96 3 28 29 22 21 â€Å"Doubling Time† in years 34 27 23 23 108. 108 108. 6 109. 8 Infant Mortality Rate 96. 7 125 77 106 C 0 C B C Data Availability Code C 0 41 29 37 Percent Urban 44 39 22 32 32 48 49 50 Life Expectancy at Birth, Total 48 55 45 47 49 43 48 43 Percent of Population of Age 15 44 43 44 46 48 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD 680 110 610 300 230 1110 320 380 Namibia South Africa MID_AFRICA Gabon Sao Tome S. A FRICA Botswana Lesotho 2. 143 1. 771 Population mid ·2000 (millions) 0. 16 49. 915 1. 576 continued 1. 226 2. 07 1. 667 Natural Increase (annual %) 3. 4 1. 3 1. 55 2. 16 33 45 42 â€Å"Doubling Time† in years 20 52 32 84. 5 68. 3 57. 50. 8 51 Infant Mortality Rate 87 C B B Data Availability Code C C B Percent Urban 16 49 73 44 42 27 Life Expectancy at Birth, Total 53 64 54 44 46 52 Percent of Population of Age 15 47 41 35 41 44 39 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD 270 570 4170 3100 3070 1940 I 43. 421 1. 27 55 45. 4 i 45 551 34 3310 (:: S. AFRICA  ·Populatlon mld ·2000 (millions) continued Natural Increase (annual %) â€Å"Doubling Time† in years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent- Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD Swaziland 1. 004 1. 5 37 107. 7 C 22 38 47  ·1400 —- ——— N. AFRICA Population mid-2000 (millions) continued Natural Increase (annual %) â€Å"Doublin g Time† in years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD Sierra Leone Togo E. AFRICA Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea 5. 019 246. 235 0. 578 0. 638 5. 233 6. 054 2. 78 2. 64 3. 07 2. 4 2. 28 2. 49 23 25 26 29 28 30 79. 7 157 102 74. 8 77. 3 115 C C B 0 C C 31 37 20 29 8 83 49 45 46 59 48 47 . 48 3 45 42 3 41 370 N/A 140 3~0 140 4. 14~ 2. 9~ 2~ 1. S 1e 55 43 200 Population mid-2000 . (millions) Natural Increase (annual %) â€Å"Doubling Time† In years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD E. AFRICA continued Madagascar Malawi Mauritus Mozambique Reunion Kenya Ethiopia 30. 34 14. 858 1. 189 19. 105 10. 385 64. 117 2. 105 2. 943 2. 19 2. 4 1. 91 ‘1. 05 33 29 24 36 66 32 73. 7 96. 3 126. 8 19. 4 133. 9 116 B C A B B C B 20 43 28 15 22 20 49 46 52 39 70 40 N/A 46 45 26 45 46 46 350 260 100 3730 210 210 N/A 0. 716 1. 1 49 9 73 30. ~ E. AFRICA Population mld-2000 (millions) continued Natural Increase (annual %) I†Doubling Time† in years Infant Mortality Rate Data Availability Code Percent Urban Life Expectancy at Birth, Total Percent of Population of Age 15 GNP Per Capita, 1998 USD Seychelles Somalia Uganda Rwanda Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe 0. 082 7. 229 7. 253 35. 306 23. 318 9. 582 2. 29 1. 07 2. 87 2. 86 2. 88 1. 96 65 30 24 24 24 35 120. 9 8. 5 125. 8 98. 8 81. 3 109 0 0 B C B B B 5 59 24 20 15 38 39 N/A 46 53 42 37 28 45 44 49 45 45 6420 N/A 230 220 310 330 11. 343 1 69 80 32 40 44 620

ExxonMobil and Rosneft Arctic Collaboration Essay

ExxonMobil and Rosneft Arctic Collaboration - Essay Example The entire project is at risk from a large number of factors that span the financial, compliance, strategic and operational domains. The project is set to create an open framework that allows information and expertise sharing along with data availability and accessibility. Another aim is to augment oil reserves and to ensure oil supply as per global demand. Similarly the project looks to develop world class expertise and to come to an agreement that is beneficial and protective throughout the life of the project. Another underlying aim for Exxon is to become a leading oil giant. A large challenge is to achieve cooperation across the table and to deal with a state controlled country. This may give rise to legal issues and the US Congress may be reluctant to support such an initiative. Environmental groups would also oppose efforts for exploration and the icy environment would be a large challenge to work with as well as problems in oil spills, waste disposal and oil transportation. Th e project would proceed as semi-sub drilling with daily costs of $700,000 producing some 160,000 barrels per day. A joint venture framework would be used as the political and economic climate of the US Russia relationship is precarious over the longer run. The largest risk anticipated by the project is price volatility in the international market given that the project stretches some two decades. The collaboration between Exxon Mobil and Rosneft Arctic Corporation is a very positive step in order to promote collaboration between the US and Russia. Moreover such collaboration can provide much required relief to the international energy markets as more oil is discovered and exploited. The Russian side has the territorial space and the jurisdiction while the American side has the capability to provide the technical expertise that is much required to carry out this project. The largest technical challenge will stem from the function of the TLP’s tendons under the

Avatar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Avatar - Essay Example It is a beautiful story set in the future and teaches people how to take care of resources and minerals while there is still time to do so. The film has been widely acclaimed by most of the world and is also one of the all time best sellers in the box office. Bill Gibron of Film Critic writes, â€Å"At first, Avatar is a bit disconcerting. The lush landscapes, the primeval forests bursting with alien life, the gorgeously lithe Na’vi and their graceful yet strong athletic movements — it’s impossible not to marvel at the creative process involved here.† The movie has taken almost two decades to get out there and has been regarded as wholesome with delicate touches by this particular critic. However, the script has several cheesy dialogues which are predictable and most people think that the silence and music in the movie is what really captivates the audience. The dialogues on the other hand could have been ignored. The performances are extremely solid and within the context. Gibron states that Saldana acted better than even Worthington or Lang in a very stunning manner indeed. On the other hand, another critic from Portland Media Centre writes that the movie was a painful treatise of racism where a white man tries to claim ownership over the last remains of the planet. It talks about acceptance of Jake into the Na’vi society as he wins over even their blood in the end by completely converting into a species of the other form, so that he may win over his lady love, Neytiri. In popular culture this was not accepted by a lot of people and it took over the impressive effects that the movie had to offer. This is because most people understood that one cannot simply give up on their identity in order to grasp another one and at the same time, it is not possible for someone to intrude into another’s society and take over what belongs to them. Thus, this critic has provided the audience with a very sharp take on the film by

Cost and Decision-Making Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cost and Decision-Making Analysis - Assignment Example The formula for calculating the contribution margin is as follows: Contribution margin= Fixed cost per unit – Variable cost per unit. This provides sufficient information to facilitate the calculation of break-even point in total sales dollars. The formula for calculating the break-even point in total sales dollars is as follows: B/E point (in total sales dollars) = Fixed Cost ? P/V ratio In a multiproduct environment the assumption is that the sales mix remains constant (Globusz n.d; unf.edu n.d.). The sales mix is referred to as the relative proportion of each product sold to the total sales value. This can be expressed in the form of a ratio or in the form of a percentage. The contribution per unit for each product is calculated as follows: Contribution = selling price – variable cost Cv = SPv – VCv = $1.65 – $1.25 = $0.40 Cm = SPm – VCm = $1.50 - $0.70 = $0.80 Cn = SPn – VCn = $0.85 - $0.25 = $0.60 The subscripts v, m and n relates to Vel cro, Metal and Nylon respectively. Contribution based on the relative weight in the sales mix = Contribution per unit x quantity. Piedmont Fasteners normally produce as total of 700,000 units of clothing fasteners consisting of 100,000 units from Velcro, 200,000 units from Metal and 400,000 units of nylon. Therefore, in this case the ratio is 1:2:4 The Weighted contribution (WC) is calculated as follows: WCv = $0.40 x (1/7 x 700,000) = $0.40 x 100,000 = $40,000 WCm = $0.80 x (2/7 x 700,000) = $0.80 x 200,000 = $160,000 WCn = $0.60 x (4/7 x 700,000) = $0.60 x 400,000 = $240,000 The quantities represent 1/7th, 2/7th and 4/7th Sales = units sold (Q) x selling price per unit (SP) Sales = Qv x SPv + Qm x SPm + Qn x SPn Sales = (100,000 x $1.65) + (200,000 x $l.50) + 400,000 x $0.85) = $165,000 + $300,000 + $340,000 = $805,000 The weighted P/V ratio is calculated as follows: P/V = ($440,000 ? $805,000) x 100 = .55 = 55% B/E = $400,000 ? .55 = $727,273 The breakeven total sales in dollars is equal to $727,273 Of this 1/7th would relate to the sale of Velcro, 2/7th to the sale of metal and 4/7th to the sale of nylon. This would be $103,896 from the sale of Velcro; $207792 from the sale of metal; and $415,585 from the sale of nylon. The weighted average was used because each product has a different selling price and a different variable cost. Additionally, the quantities of these products that are normally sold are also different. Using weights allow for the relative proportions of each product sold to be taken into consideration. Solution to Question 2 Part (a) The break-even point in units for each product can be calculated taking into consideration that certain fixed costs relate to each of these products only while a certain portion relates administration, salaries and rent. Since we do not know the proportion of these we assume that they are equal. The following formula will be used to calculate the break even point in units for the three types of fasteners. B/E i n units = Fixed cost/contribution The fixed cost for each product = specific fixed cost + proportion of common fixed cost The fixed cost for Velcro fasteners = $20,000 + (1/3 x $240,000) = $100,000 The $20,000 relates to the cost that would be avoided if Velcro fasteners are not produced. The fixed cost for Metal fasteners = $80,000 + (1/3 x $240,000) = $160,000 The $80,000 relates to additional cost incurred when metal fasteners are produced The fixed cost for Nylon fasteners = $60,000 + (1/3 x $240,000) = $140,000 The break-even for each type of fastener is as follows: B/Ev =

Gender Stereotyping In The Media Media Essay

Gender Stereotyping In The Media Media Essay Gender stereotyping is a popular technique that the media employs to generalize female or male traits and personalities. Even though, such action by the media may depict elements of inequality, it is still a popular phenomenon practiced by the media today. These attempts endeavor to identify the sexes based on their consumption patterns, attitudes and socialization. For instance, a female identity is attributed to fashion, design and consumption of sugary products like chocolate. Nevertheless, gender stereotyping has its positive impacts to the society. This paper endeavors analyze gender stereotyping in the media with a view of realizing the causes, effects and best approaches to enhance gender equality through the media. The research will be conducted majorly among media houses or company putting weight on gender stereotyping. An extensive review of the contents the media houses have aired over the years will be critically analyzed to have an idea of the gender stereotypic representations, and present position in the market. Literature review Media images and stereotyping Today, viewers and listeners of the media houses are bombarded by the information they receive. Over the years, such information has shaped views on female or male roles in our society. This information is exposed to children and adults whether they are willing or unwilling, yet may represent stereotypic messages. It is clear the media has a significant impact in shaping the mindset and expectations of a whole generation. As indicated by Durham Douglas (2006), gender stereotypic in the media is a debatable topic that its impacts is traced to childhood appraising based on media representation on the expected traits, personality and attributes of a male or female behavior. Stereotyping by the media is about perceived representation of the products and services gender inclination. In addition, it also represents the social interaction of gender in bringing a different meaning to the same product. The media, therefore, tries to put concrete concepts, attachments and thoughts in the viewers minds on shaping their behavior. Stereotyping representation is a sense-making process that is shaped by the media is various distinctive ways that eventually define the system. For instance, gender issues are organized in different ways in TV shows, adverts and pornography among others (Durham Douglas, 2006). Stereotyping This paper approaches Stereotyping as an imperfect debatable issue that needs to be observed from different perspectives. Gender stereotyping in the media, therefore, involves sharing pictures, advertising, plate printing etc. with a view of providing distinct identifiable behavior among genders that support dominant ideologies. Stereotyping has its negative and positive effects in the society. Among the benefits of media stereotyping are: easily identifiable categories of male and female sexes, help predict behavior in a world that is increasingly growing complex and reaffirm traditional cultural ideologies that define appropriate gender behavior (Matthews, 2007 p. 123). Gender stereotyping in the media has been persistent because of the embedded kernel of truth that stereotypic notions hold a percentage of truth in the real world. In essence, this might be the truth among certain groups in the world. Stereotypes are gradually experiencing a revolution in light of an increasingly globalized world that integrates the cultures and peoples behavior from all corners of the earth. When such change takes place, a uniquely fresh stereotype emerges such as the supermom. Interrelationship exists between the perceptual process in stereotypic illustrations and the linguistic process. These two processes stereotypic thinking exhibit a sense of connection in the likelihood that personal perception is involved. According to Matthews (2007), this means that stereotypes have narrow thinking while lessen the possibility of biasness when portrayed by the media. This is popularly referred to as terministic screen. Therefore, the media are a significant element in the t opic of stereotyping. In fact, first media communications entail individual characterization based on gender such as female make-homes while men are largely dealing with complex tasks like construction work. Other than the advantages mentioned above, stereotyping has a number of negative consequences. Among disadvantages of gender stereotyping in the media are oversimplification of individual personality in groups and hasty assumptions leads to irrelevance in other situations. In addition, stereotyping leads to prejudice and discrimination among groups and hinders equal access to opportunities and resources. Other negative effects of stereotyping are pressures to live up to society ideals and opposed stereotypes bind gender along masculine and feminine behavior (Durham Douglas, 2006). The stereotypic masculine and feminine bound elucidate that men are supposed to be independent, have authority, breadwinners and be aggressors. On the other hand, women are supposed to be dependent, incompetent, caregivers, victims or sex objects etc. The media reports are filled with gender stereotypes as seen in programs such as drama. This content is based on traditionally accepted character, as well as society vices that are classified between genders. Nevertheless, the media have a significant impact to children and adults in determining acceptable behavior. Such stereotypes need to be assessed to deduce the reality. According to Matthews (2007), the media as a medium of communication conveys subtle, yet critical sub-textual information about gender, other than its content. To this extent, the contents and relationships are divided among the axioms of gender. Some hidden information differs, however, gives the implications that men are more aggressive, interesting as well as visible when compared to women. Women are considered to be objects of the male gender. The media stereotypes tend to control their best interest at the expense of gender equality. For instance, they may send stereotypic messages enable them make money. As such, advertisement and TV programs tend to be conservative and repeat past formulas with the sole purpose of making a large audience. Therefore, today gender stereotyping in the media may not be the exact representation of reality. In this context, there a large content between old and new stereotypes that are confusing. This paper will seek to assess gender stereotyping in the media focusing on images and pictures that attribute the topic. For instance, the female or male presentation, the products used to represents gender, the audience being targeted as well as what the media talks about gender roles and behavior. According to Andrea Press (1989), gender equality has become a social debate that attracts terrains of struggle between men and women. This also points to the cultural power between the male and female as assumed in the society. Therefore, this paper will seek to identify the ideologies of gender assumed by the society over the years with reference to the content reproduced by the media. Nonetheless, prior literature on this topic suggests that stereotyped representation of gender by the media is natural and attempt to justify gender roles naturally. Agenda Setting, gatekeeping or cultivation theory Many people think the media reports what is most relevant. However, according to Bittner (2000) the media merely relays or dramatizes information that reflects the importance in the minds of the audience. Many times the audiences observe just what seems to be necessary, but may not be relevant in reality. As suggested by Bittner (2000), media create an agenda for the audience based on their own preferences and interests. This is called the agenda theory. The gatekeeping theory suggests that the media airs anything based on their selection of what is necessary in relation to the thoughts of the audience about what does not appear. In this regard, gender stereotyping by the media is on what is represented. The real issue is the depiction of women and men in stereotypical ways. This illustrates that gender stereotyping by the media is a reflection of cultural tradition. Whatever the society deems are of importance is probably what the media will report. In addition, reviews about daytime talk shows unveil womens genre of programs. Most talk shows discuss issues about women, as opposed to men. However, the real question is the importance of the discussion or the show to the audience. If the discussions are important to the audience then it is considered a reality, however, if the media decides to show contents based on company preferences, it sets the agenda for the audience. The latter is clearly stereotyping in the media. The third is the cultivation theory, which proposes that the media cultivates perception among the audience. This means that the media makes mass communication especially through the television about a distorted perception in the society. As suggested by Malgorzata (2011), the audience tends to think that the real situations are as the way they are represented in the films, advertisement or television. Although part of the media reported is a representation of the reality, it is not fully-realistic. For instance, Gerbner and his business partners discovered that individuals who watch television news too much always think there is more violence in the world than it really is. Such an audience tends to think along peace and violence lines, but the reality is quite different. Another illustration is when many audiences anticipate romantic relationships to look like those in the films and television. The truth is that many relationships are not, rather there are many relationships that h ave problems and end up in breakups. This is because media representation is not just the reality but, it does not depict the set period. Generalization and simplification of gender by the media Indeed the topic of gender stereotyping has increasingly elicited attention from many groups of interest. Consciously or unconsciously, the community absorbed the notion of gender stereotypes through socialization which was stirred by media discussions and advertisements among others. Most generalizations or simplification based on cultural ideologies represent false thoughts of reality and have positive and negative impacts. The media reveal gender stereotypic differences through the depiction of the female character as thin and inclined to tender beauty. The male characters are portrayed as strong and independent with little concern about fashion or beauty. The generalization of women in the media as being objectified has been pronounced in the media adverts, programs and discussions for long. With the gap between men and women roles slimming, the media stereotypes towards gender have the same effect on both genders. The abundant slimming adverts and discussion have serious consumes self-conceptualization, uniqueness as well as gender values. Adverts are popular and its repetitions through the media make them the most powerful tools on information in the society. As such, advertisements have a fundamental contribution to the cause of stereotypic problems as they foster a society that sells womens bodies as acceptable and short and less masculine men as inferior. As such, these individuals feel overstretched to conform to the general justification of an acceptably lovely man or woman. In fact, many women and men are forced to go to great lengths to alter their physique in an attempt to fit in the media-perceived environment. Therefore, their mindset is subjected to perceive their faces as masks while their bodies are objects. This is because changes to ones face or body imply augmentation as well as disguise. The case is worse for a female audience since they are advised to internalize the reported information based on the perspective of their own physique or attributes. This perception does not include attention to other invisible attributes like emotional feelings and inner bodily states. This illustrates objectification of gender. Studies indicate that advertisements tend to objectify women body and beauty, as opposed to men. Men is popular in selling merchandise while the females are portrayed to that pronounces their sexuality. Traditional setting on gender-objectification plays a role to associate the female gender with their personal traits. As such, enables one to assess the value of their personality or traits based on these stereotypes. Eventually, one should be able to control his or her assoc iation. As such, their actions are a result of presumptions that leave them preoccupied in effect called self-objectification (Malgorzata, 2011). Hypothesis (H) The literature review in this paper sheds enough light for the researcher to come up with the following hypothesis that the study will seek to realize. H1: Media reports represents their own agenda that tends to distort perception along gender lines rather than the reality This means that the media makes mass communication especially through the television about a distorted perception in the society. As such, the audience tends to think that the real situations are as the way they are represented in the films, advertisement or television. The truth is that many relationships are not, rather there are many relationships that have problems and end up in breakups. This is because media representation is not just the reality but, it does not depict the set period. H2: Gender stereotyping in the media significantly affects the patterns of life between men and female Stereotyping by the media is about perceived representation of the products and services gender inclination. In addition, it also represents the social interaction of gender in bringing a different meaning to the same product. As such, female and males will have different preferences of products and services, yet in reality the product is unisex. H3: Gender stereotyping in the media is a continuous process since a new stereotype reemerges every day Stereotypes are gradually experiencing a revolution in light of an increasingly globalized world that integrates the cultures and peoples behavior from all corners of the earth. When such change takes place, a uniquely fresh stereotype emerges such as the supermom. Interrelationship exists between the perceptual process in stereotypic illustrations and the linguistic process. These two processes stereotypic thinking exhibit a sense of connection in the likelihood that personal perception is involved. Methodology The research will be conducted majorly among media houses or company putting weight on gender stereotyping. First data will be collected from the media companies. This will comprise of secondary data such as video, pictures advertisement and program reviews. This will be through analysis of the media promotional strategies, financial information from advertisements and programs, general presentation of content, together with the marketing goals and objectives with regard to gender stereotyping. Thereafter, the researcher shall move to unrecorded data, this will involve holding the interview with various employees and company stakeholders of the media houses. As suggested by Durham, Douglas, (2006) these interviews will be carried out through online, face to face and offline methods. It is worth noting that all the interview information shall be gauged under one footing. Further, the research shall move to the external environment involving the audience, customers, external stakehold ers and the competitor analysis. Analysis and interpretation The data collected will be analyzed. Analysis will involve going through the secondary documents and primary data collected in an attempt harmonize the information. Analysis will involve patterns, correlation and identify trends in gender stereotyping. In addition, the analysis will also cut across examination of phallic symbols, yonic symbols. As such, the research will table a number of approaches to strategies to come up with the best strategy that will reveal stereotypes that are negative and positive. The analysis of this study will be based on justification of gender ideologies as covered in the literature review (Matthews, 2007). Therefore, the study will be based on stereotypical mythic structure that represents gender stereotyping in the media today. The researcher will focus on determining underlying predispositions about gender attributes as espoused in Jungian archetypes. Much concentration will be channeled to media representation of femininity and masculinity. Timeline and Reporting The research will involve sources both from the general population, media content, and journals and on online surveys carried about the gender stereotyping in the media. The online survey will target the products that allow consumers to access online services. The concrete conclusions obtained can be used to review the information targeted to the audience along stereotypic contexts (Malgorzata, 2011). Interviews may be carried out through the website either by exchanging emails or by even live chats with some of the products consumers and audiences as well as media houses. This is a convenient way to reach out to the majority of the populations who have access to the online services and media content via their mobile handsets. This can be achieved by expressing interest to question some audiences online. If they happen to have seen the advertisement of products those interested will respond to the article, there might be a series of simple questions upon which will guide the respondents to the real questionnaire. This helps avoid jokers who may not be willing to give any information towards the research. The topic should be posted so that readers will evaluate it and decide whether to assist with the answers or not. The research will be conducted for three months. The data collected will be used to identify all the research objectives and link with responses received from online and offline interviews carried out by the researcher.

Volpone :: volpone

Volpone  Ã‚   Volpone was first brought out at the Globe Theatre in 1605 and printed in quarto in 1607, after having been acted with great applause at both Universities, and was republished by Jonson in 1616 without alterations or additions. Volpone is undoubtedly the finest comedy in the English language outside the works of Shakespeare. Daring and forcible in conception, brilliant and faultless in execution, its extraordinary merits have excited the enthusiasm of all critics. The great French historian of English literature, Henri Taine, has devoted to it some of the most splendid pages of his famous work. â€Å"Volpone,† he exclaims, Å“uvre sublime, la plus vive peinture des mÅ“urs du sià ¨cle, oà ¹ s’à ©tale la pleine beautà © des convoitises mà ©chantes, oà ¹ la luxure, la cruautà ©, l’amour de l’or, l’impudeur de vice, dà ©ploient une poesie sinistre et splendide, digne d’une bacchanale du Titien. In none other of his plays, not even in The Alchemist, in Bartholomew Fair, or in The Silent Woman, is Ben Jonson’s prodigious intellect and ardent satirical genius so perfectly revealed as in Volpone. The whole of Juvenal’s satires are not more full of scorn and indignation than this one play, and the portraits which the Latin poet has given us of the letchers, dotards, pimps and parasites of Rome, are not drawn with a more passionate virulence than the English dramatist has displayed in the portrayal of the Venetian magnifico, his creatures and his gulls. Like Le Misanthrope, Le Festin de Pierre, like L’Avare, Volpone might more fitly be styled a tragedy, for the pitiless unmasking of the fox at the conclusion of the play is terrible rather than sufficient. Volpone is a splendid sinner and compels our admiration by the fineness and very excess of his wickedness. We are scarcely shocked by his lust, so magnificent is the vehemence of his passion, and we marvel a nd are aghast rather than disgusted at his cunning and audacity. As Mr. Swinburne observes, â€Å"there is something throughout of the lion as well as the fox in this original and incomparable figure.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Volpone’s capacity for pleasure is even greater than his capacity for crime, and Ben Jonson has added to these two salient characteristics a third, which is equally dominant in the Italian—the passion for the theatre. Disguise, costume, and the attitude have an irresistible attraction for him, the blood of the mime is in his veins.