Marketing and brand Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advertising and brand Management - Essay Example The report suggests what Wii must do so as to support its present piece of the overall industry of 45% with Sony and Microsoft getting up to speed. Chapter by chapter guide Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Nintendo Wii: Marketing Analysis 3 Conclusion and Recommendations 7 References 7 Introduction Nintendo’s Wii was at one time the market head in the gaming business of the United States. Situated as a sole gaming console for the entire family, Wii held a piece of the pie of huge 75% (Matthews 2011). Not at all like its rivals Sony’s Play Station and Microsoft’s Xbox which were situated as a game comfort for just no-nonsense gamers matured from 19 to 35 dominatingly guys; Nintendo went down in the mass markets of families and understood that there was nothing of the sort as an easygoing gamer. It brought the ex-gamers and easygoing gamers on a similar foundation of Wii with low costs and a slogan of â€Å"Wii like to play!† (O'Gorman, 2008; Anthony, 2008 ). In the short-run, Wii experienced a lift in its deals. So much that it surpassed its rivals with gigantic edges. Particularly during Christmas, where more significance was put to family esteems, Wii figured out how to pull in families and consequently, won the 75% piece of the overall industry of the business (Matthews, 2011). Nintendo Wii: Marketing Analysis In request to break down the marking systems of Wii, it is obligatory to comprehend the idea of the ‘Blue Ocean Strategy†. This idea involves the brand to keep a heartbeat beware of the market with regards to where in the market are the contenders situated as. This idea appropriately portrays that it isn't prudent for a brand to be in direct and head on rivalry with different players however a superior alternative is scan for space and holes in the market and position the brand in that space which is untargeted by the contenders (Anthony, 2008). Moreover, when all the players in the market (Xbox and Play Station including Wii) were concentrating on the in-your-face gamers’ advertise, Wii repositioned itself to the more extensive market of families. With this move, Wii had the option to manufacture a sounder client base when contrasted with its rivals as Xbox and Play Station were as yet stuck on the in-your-face gamers’ showcase. Presently, even the individuals who didn't offer inclination to game consoles in that capacity, were purchasing Wii supports either in light of the fact that at their own pleasure or as a present for the family (O’Gorman, 2008). Given that Nintendo kept Wii’s structure easy to understand and less complex to utilize, its interesting make was seen as effortlessly utilized and constrained by the two learners and master and adroit players (Nintendo, Inc. 2007). Different brands to be specific Sony Play Station and Xbox have complex controls with non-instinctive or silly fastens that are shapes and require time for the players to become accus tomed to them. Nintendo’s Wii then again is exceptionally intended to take into account the necessities of non-gamers and delicate center players who think that its more easy to use (Nintendo, Inc. 2007). Undoubtedly, Wii was focused to the more extensive family advertises in the game comfort industry. This implied Nintendo needed to push the costs down so as to pull in more purchasers. Its publicizing and limited time methodologies caused Wii to turn into the most selling brand during Christmas time and particularly among families who wanted to possess just one of all

South and Southeast Asia Essay -- essays papers

South and Southeast Asia Presentation The locale under investigation happens to be among the most ruined nations on the planet, however taking into consideration so much development that is has made them among the quickest developing nations on the planet. The locale with this potential is South and Southeast Asia, and the nations holding 40% of the world’s poor are Bangladesh, Thailand, Pakistan and India. How could it be that South Asia has become such a great amount over the previous decade with 35% of its men and 59% of its lady being unskilled? Or on the other hand how could it be that a large portion of a billion of the individuals in South Asia are living off not exactly a dollar daily? Such a large amount of the data I have found for this paper is difficult to accept, however I will attempt to tell it to you straight and in this succession: 1. What is accepted to be the start of the emergency that South Asia is confronted with now? 2. Who is supporting development and advancement in South Asia? 3. Through this help, what amount of obligation is being made? 4. What are singular shortcomings confronting certain nations in South Asia? 5. Will these nations be of achievement over the long haul? The start of the emergency Since July of 1997 Southeast Asia has been hit by a monetary emergency of significant extent. The monetary emergency was initially constrained to Thailand’s budgetary segment, when the national bank of Thailand degraded its money, the baht. Like such a significant number of different monetary forms the baht had been pegged to the all so important U.S. dollar to help guarantee dependability. Despite the fact that in view of the significant accomplishment in the U.S. economy the dollar has been viewed as fortifying, driving numerous speculators to feel that the baht and a significant number of different monetary forms pegged to the dollar were exaggerated. As a result of this made concern a considerable lot of the financial specialists dreading a precarious cash decided to trade it’s money for dollars. As the trust in the baht dwindled, organizations working in Southeast Asia mixed to dispose of its money also. Thailand’s national bank was trusting that this deprec iation would stop and in the long run reestablish trust in it’s money, how might this occur obviously? I would expect that Thailand was seeking after a bringing down in the cost of merchandise in dollar terms, which would make those items serious in outside business sectors. This thusly would pull in new ventures into the nation. In spite of the fact that this didn't occur, and a rainstorm of credit def... ... from a bigger stance while as yet keeping the points little. I did this since money is something that almost every nation experiences difficulty controlling. In addition there are a great deal of difficulties that accompany a crumbling money, to the extent advertise precariousness and dread of contributing. This was only a couple of the issues that affected each nation utilized in this paper, each nation that was spoken about was among the most unfortunate nations on the planet however as yet getting acknowledgment for being among the quickest developing nations on the planet. That in it’s self is difficult to clarify; how might this happen to this particular locale of the world. These are the kinds of inquiries that were endeavored in this paper. The particular answers are not given in this paper anyway in light of the fact that I for one can't answer them. In any case, what it will take for these nations to succeed has been replied and the subsidizing is there for them t o do that. On the off chance that the advancement proceeds toward the path that every one of these nations are confronting, it is workable for every one of these nations to endure and haul themselves out of destitution. Book reference: www.worldbank.com www.state.gov/issues/financial/exchange www.facts.com www.boi.go.th

wow.

wow. wow. Im Joe, and I dont really know where to start this post. I guess Im a blogger now. Also apparently Im a real life MIT student now too. Neither of these are things I ever thought would happen, so thats pretty cool. Thats probably an understatement, actually. Its insanely cool the process that brought me from my hometown, to getting accepted into this crazy place, to now being a blogger, happened so quickly, Im still in a state of shock (so try to forgive me if this post is all over the place). The idea of MIT never became a reality to me until I actually moved here. Throughout all of high school, the idea of college as a whole seemed so abstract and so distant that I basically thought it would never happen, but as Ive just very recently learned, it does indeed happen, and it happens very quickly. So Im here at MIT, taking actual classes and doing actual problem sets and making actual friends (really!). Its crazy. I moved up here on the 19th of August, for my pre-orientation program I was accepted to, Discover Product Design (DPD), which was so rad. I didnt know what to expect going in to it, knowing literally not one thing about the topic, but I think its safe to say that I learned a lot. We split in to groups and designed objects meant to fix a problem in our dorm rooms, and then proceeded to build them out of acrylic. My group came up with this (exceptionally impractical) bed whose mattress flips over to fold into a desk that would be way too big for any actual dorm room. Oh well. Speaking of dorm rooms, that leads me to my next point. Dorms. For my FPOP and most of REX, I was living in East Campus, Second East. During CPW earlier in the year, I was temped in MacGregor, but ended up spending a lot of my time over on the east side of campus, which included EC, but most of my time was spent in the courtyard of Senior House, trying again and again to master the tire swing (which, mind you, is no ordinary tire swing). Anyways, CPW came to an end, and when the time came for me to apply for housing, I put East Campus first I wasnt sure that Senior House would be right for me, and when results were posted, I got my first choice East Campus. When I arrived in Cambridge to move in, the summer resident hadnt moved out of room yet, so I was placed in a room down the hall, in a double alone (a dingle, as Ive heard people call it). But as orientation moved along, I realized I wasnt spending very much time at all at EC I found myself again and again at Senior House. Here at MIT though, you have a chance to move out of your dorm duri ng orientation to another residence (called REX, or residence exploration). So when the opportunity presented itself, I requested to move into Senior House, and somehow, I got in, and I couldnt be happier here. Its such an amazing and diverse place all of MIT is, for that matter and theres such a wonderful community. What really drew me was the culture of music and art that exists here two things that I am very into. Those are things that I really want to pursue while Im at MIT, if I can find time, which, as I have come to learn, is a valuable commodity. Once classes began, life turned very crazy very quickly. People always told me that MIT was hard, but I didnt really know what that meant. I think I have a handle on what that means now. I havent pulled an all-nighter yet to do psets, but Ive come close, staying up alone in the Hayden Library until 4 AM to do my 5.111 pset the night before it was due. If I had to impart one piece of wisdom Ive gleaned, it would be that college is nothing like high school. People told me that all the time before I got here, but now that Im here, I can verify. They are, in fact, different. I could whine and complain about all the work Ive already had to do, but that wouldnt be representative of my experience. You get what you put in. Already, I feel like Im so much more knowledgeable about the topics were covering than I was just a few weeks ago. I spent over 12 hours working on my most recent 18.01A problem set with a group, and it was definitely difficult, but if you had given me the same problems a week ago, I would have had literally no idea where to begin. As Im writing this, the results to my first MIT test ever were posted, 8.01, which I took last night. (and I got a 93 yesssssssssssss) With all the time I spend on classes and actual real work, time for other things has become increasingly scarce, and thus Ive been slowly learning to use my time more efficiently. I havent been able to do as much of the stuff as Ive wanted to do yet, but that will come. Im making sure to set aside time to write music and build stuff theyre still my passions, and Im pretty sure theyre what helped get me into MIT, so it makes sense that I should continue with them. I have this four bar loop I wrote the other day playing right now and Im trying to figure out what to do next with it. In general, I really want to explore music at MIT and Boston/Cambridge. To celebrate the end of the first week of school, I went to Boston Calling on Friday with a friend, to see Neutral Milk Hotel and The National, which was so awesome. This whole place is so incredibly creative and inspiring, and Im hoping that Ill be able to build off of that. (Speaking of building, note to self: join the MIT Hobby Shop, its soo rad.) Im in a freshman advising seminar called Digital and Darkroom Imaging, and last Sunday I developed real life film by hand in a darkroom, which was such an experience (also, not easy). I also (apparently) have 24/7 access to the darkroom in the Student Center, which is so cool. My HASS course for the semester is one on Jazz History, and the professor is a musician and is giving his students free tickets to a show hes playing. How rad is that? (very. its very rad.) I could write so many other things about my time here so far, and Im sure I will in future posts. Im still trying to process everything thats happened so far, life moves so quickly here. I understand why Pass/No Record exists for first semester. Transitioning is hard. Anyways. I think me and some friends are going to IHOP to eat pancakes and work on our next 18.01A pset, so thats what Im doing next. Thanks for getting through this wall of text, however disorganized it was. (Also, as you may have already noticed, I have a penchant for long, winding sentences with lots of commas. Sorry about that, Im working on it.) So, all in all, I like it here. (a lot)

European Colonization On Sub Saharan African Education

European Colonization on Sub-Saharan African Education Before the Europeans came and colonized much of Africa, including its schooling systems, many educational practices in Africa consisted of groups of older people, known as elders, teaching aspects of life such as rituals and rites of passage, helping to transition children into adulthood. Almost every member of the African community played a part in the educational upbringing of a child. However, when European colonialism began to take place, it started to change the indigenous education systems once taught before. Schooling was no longer just about rituals, instead school now meant earning an education that could compare to countries throughout Europe and the United States. Even with the improvements of educational systems throughout Africa, educational participation rates in many Sub-Saharan African countries are still low. When it comes to the educational history of sub-Sahara Africa, it can be divided into three eras: the pre-colonial period; the colonial period; and the period after independence. African children in pre-colonial period, learnt how to survive life through experiences and instructions from their elders. Indigenous forms of education served the needs of the community as a whole, meaning African children, during that period learnt what they lived. Indigenous education systems also varied from one place to another, as different African cultures were present. Director Aà ¯cha Bah-Diallo of the UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Link Between British Colonization Of Sub Saharan Africa And Lasting Economic Problems990 Words   |  4 Pagesinferior nation. European nations deployed a mission of colonization to bring the continent civilization. This paper interprets the link between British colonization of Sub-Saharan Africa and lasting economic problems evident today. The argument of British underdev elopment in Africa draws on studies collected on individual African states as well as the continent as whole, regarding economic growth statistics from before, during and post-colonization. Britain failed to develop African nations, leavingRead MoreSub-Saharan Africa: A Vibrant, Diverse, and Intriguing Region of the World1409 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Sub-Saharan Africa The sub-Saharan region of Africa has traditionally been seen by the Western world as a barrier between the more civilized areas of the northern part of the continent that were colonized by Europeans and the deep, jungle regions common to the rest of the continent. The area below the Sahara desert was seen by colonial settlers as wild and dangerous. It was treated as its own separate entity, but in reality, this is not the case at all. Sub-Saharan Africa is very diversifiedRead MoreAfric An Influential Countries Of The Modern World1594 Words   |  7 PagesAfrica has transitioned from being dismantled, torn to pieces, and ruled by many european countries to now being its own and unique continent. The continent itself might not be thriving the way some would like it to, but it has made great strides since the colonial period for its independence. Due to the effort of its hard working people and its relentless determination to prosper, Africa has become one of the most influential cou ntries of the modern world. Overcoming obstacles of slavery of itsRead MoreEthnic Conflict : The British And French926 Words   |  4 PagesEthnic Conflict The British and French had essentially lived by different systems of ethnic European power that still had competition between each other. Both of these systems had wider areas control yet they had completely different systems of ethnic stratification. 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The Gold Coast’s Identifiable People Group around the nineteenth centuryRead MoreEuropean Colonialism: Civilizations Ruined1491 Words   |  6 PagesEuropean Colonialism has been around since the late 15th century and their model for colonialism will exist for many years to come. Colonization could be considered to start as far back as the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. However, this colonization model was not near as deadly as the European model (Louis). The ancient civilizations educated, advanced, and motivated their colonies to succeed. The European model falls far short of the standard set in past years. This model forRead MoreThe Atlantic System and Africa2105 Words   |  9 PagesCHAPTER 18 The Atlantic System and Africa, 1550–1800 I0.Plantations in the West Indies A0.Colonization  Before  1650 * 10. Spanish settlers introduced sugar-cane cultivation into the West Indies shortly after 1500 but did not do  much else toward the further development of  the islands. After 1600 the French and  English developed colonies based on tobacco cultivation. * 20. Tobacco consumption became popular in England in the early 1600s. Tobacco  production in the West Indies was  stimulatedRead More West African Kingdoms Essay example984 Words   |  4 PagesWest African Kingdoms It is generally accepted by scholars and scientists today that Africa is the original home of man. One of the most tragic misconceptions of historical thought has been the belief that Black Africa had no history before European colonization. Whites foster the image of Africa as a barbarous and savage continent torn by tribal warfare for centuries. It was a common assumption of nineteenth-century European and American Whites - promoted by the deliberate cultivation of pseudoscientificRead MoreThe Impact Of The Atlantic Slave Trade Influence Europe Economic Growth And Market Development Essay786 Words   |  4 PagesLabor exploitation was the key for the effectiveness of european expansion in the new world and define slavery as a principal component for global capitalism until it was not longer profitable. The atlantic slave trade influence europe economic growth and market development to rapidly spread through the atlantic trade. It was a intense dependence on the triangular trade that made merchants made big profits at the expense of the exploited labour abroad. Merchants were involved in all three sidesRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Imperialism in Nigeria (its possible to go into more detail, but my pages were limited to this many)1570 Words   |  7 Pageswith abundant resources and the potential to be a very powerful nation, but it is hampered by many problems. These problems are caused by NigeriaÂ’s colonization by England. Because of this intrusion on their way of life, their future was altered dramatically. The nation of Nigeria as a whole has suffered greatly as a country because of this colonization, its problem is rooted in the way it was colonized and ruled. The background of the situation is essential to understand its full impact From the

What Do Trends Tell Us - 1713 Words

Study the Industry-Apply what we learn-Look toward the future What do trends tell us? Where is the resale retail industry going? What about attracting employees and keeping them? How do we get the right people? Where are we going and how are we going to get there? These are just a small glimpse of the questions that we face on a daily basis. One of the questions that I had a year ago when I first started this program was what will the trends be for 2015 and will e-commerce capture all the gains we were hoping to see? We continue to read about retail sales growth through online sales, which accounts for an increasing portion of the percent of retail sales, there has been an upside for brick and mortar stores, like ours. We have†¦show more content†¦We will see our customers go online on their cell phone and check on what we have said and then purchase the item there in our store, where it is convenient and they can try the item on and take it home that day. Our customers are ubiquitous in that we have to stay on top of their various purchasing trends and predict the movements that they are going to make on a daily basis. Sometimes we get it, sometimes we don’t. We have found that our customers want options that work for them right at their fingertips along with great customer service. We have found t hat â€Å"omni-channel† shopping (the use of a variety of channels in a customer s shopping experience including research before a purchase-Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multichannel_retailing) is not only on the rise, but also here to stay. We need to find ways to embrace this new shopping method and find ways to optimize their experience within our store utilizing these methods. A few strategies that we are considering are: 1. Improve our technological understanding and how they can improve our customer’s in-store experience. †¢ We have been looking into utilizing our camera system as a technological advantage by counting customers (those above a certain height) as they enter the store and using this number in conjunction with our actual invoices for a

My sop to nyu review Free Essays

I am confident that combination of business and legal studies would enable me to show best of my intellectual capacity and prosper in competitive commercial market. I have stayed among top student in class during my five years of law study from an institution where mode of academic instruction was only in English. My active participation In debate, mock trials and community service had earned me numerous ward to which a honor given by international court of Justice Judge hold an exceptional value as I was not only chosen among 120 best legal scholars In world but only Indian to receive that as of now. We will write a custom essay sample on My sop to nyu review or any similar topic only for you Order Now My association with Mr. Wang during internship made me learn role of international arbitration in rsolving disputes where parties belonging to different legal system are involved with common interest. I was fortunate to submit my inputs to combat problem like smuggling across international border. currently I am in final ear of competing my masters in international in past . relation although I have completed my diploma in business management. The professional experience which I gained while working in an international law firm had developed my base toward application of law In regard to international business among two natlon. The more I experience, the more I felt that my tralnlng In India falls short of what I needed to effectively deal with my International counterpart In course of my practice . My vision lies to gain Insight Into legal structure of U S A. hich us biggest foreign investor of my country. Which is world fastest developing economy. A exposure to study LLM at NYU in international business regulation, arbitration and litigation will help me to analyze procedural law on international business and likely influence policymakers in its direct indirect benefit to my country in term of business opportunity and competitiveness by issuing measures to bring more foreign investment, cautious approach toward intellectual properly right,peacefull ettlement of international dispute through arbitration on faster node as I want to serve as foreign legal consultant for my country after doing LLM from USA. How to cite My sop to nyu review, Papers

More And More Women Are Rising To The Leadership Challenge, Even In So

More and more women are rising to the leadership challenge, even in some of the most male-dominated industries. The increase in the number of women attending university, in the workplace or starting their own business has demonstrated to men who own businesses that women can be both managers and mothers, thus showing their male counterpart that women can in fact "do it all". In this paper the history of women in the workforce will be outlined, as well as the challenges they face. The changing attitudes towards women taking over family businesses will be looked at briefly, how women lead along with a comparison to how men lead, and a critique and conclusion of their leadership style will also be discussed. History and The Challenges Women Face A number of events have occurred over the last twenty-five years or so that have resulted in the rise of the female in the work-for-pay world. Beginning in the mid-1970's, women began going to business school and earning their Master's of Business Administration and, as a result, building on that education and gaining work experience (Nelton, 1999). The days of the one income family are over. Females need to be armed with a university or college degree to be a contributor to this century's model of the family unit and in this time of "education inflation", the demand for higher education is growing at a staggering rate. In the corporate sector, the generation of women who entered the corporate world two to three decades ago have blazed the trail now followed by ever-growing numbers of women (Shaiko, 1997). The great strides women are making in the work force can be attributed to numerous factors including the: "passage of equal employment opportunity legislation's, modifications in job requirements, more females on the buying side, elevated educational achievements by females, more women in business schools, the huge percentage of female business school graduates with'androgynous' orientations, and the willingness of many young women to postpone marriage and child-bearing." (Comer, et.al, 1997) While women continue to make progressive strides toward equality, few have risen to the highest positions-leading companies to the new millenium (Andorka, 1998). Fortunately, women can now demand equal treatment in their respective organizations as a result of the aforementioned changes in history. Many companies have policies in places that require equality at work and punishment for those who do not adhere to such policies. There is a vast amount of evidence that women tend to occupy less powerful, lower paid, and lower status organizational positions than men. These divisions not only occur vertically, but on a horizontal scale as well. Women who seek to enter management level positions fight against stereotypes, discrimination, and myths, not to mention the fight to balance work and family. They have also been overwhelmed by unfamiliar products, skeptical clients or customers, guy talk, a scarcity of female associates and little or no empathy (Comer, et.al., 1997). Sheila Wellington, President of Catalyst, a non-profit organization for the advancement of women to corporate and professional leadership, said in a speech on October 23, 1996 to the Economic Club of Detroit in Detroit Michigan: "Let me be clear, I believe that most obstacles to women's advancement to the top are not intentional, they are a result of unexamined assumptions about women's career interests and of policies and practices that have existed unquestioned over time in the corporate culture. With real commitment to change, the situation is remediable." (Wellington, 1996) Perhaps, the "glass ceiling" that women are under is not the intent of their male counterparts. I believe that it is the socialization of men and women in our society that has lead to this imbalance in the work force. But, somewhere along the line, men have to realize and acknowledge the socialization they have endured is creating much disharmony and discontent among their female colleagues. The Torch is Passed- to the Daughter Twenty years ago, there was no place for women in most family businesses (Nelton, 1999). If they did have a position, it was presumably as secretary, assistant, or some other "behind-the-scenes" role. The traditional successor to the family business was the first-born son and if there was no son, then the widow was discouraged from running the company and urged to sell the business. Those days have since past. As women are achieving higher levels

Why Should You Hire a Writer Online Why Its Better than in Person

Why Should You Hire a Writer Online Why Its Better than in Person Why Should You Hire a Writer Online: Why It’s Better than in Person Should you hire a writer online, or find a writer nearby who you can meet in person? If you’re considering different options, choose to hire a writer online. Here are the reasons why: More Choice There are many companies online that offer the convenience and anonymity of ordering online. There are literally hundreds of these companies who source writers from all over the world to write papers. If you hire a writer from a local agency, it is likely that you did not have many options. You may only have one or two brick and mortar agencies nearby to get help with a paper. Cost-Effectiveness Aside from spending money on gas to drive to an agency, hiring online is more economical because the Internet is a global marketplace and as such, it is more competitive then your local marketplace. You have the advantage of currency exchange which works in your favor and helps stretch the dollar. Everyone likes an option that is easy on the wallet, especially cash strapped students. From Home Opportunities Working online means no time and effort spent travelling. Not to mention you will need no appointment, will not need to sit in any waiting room, or wait for anyone else. You simply communicate via email, when it is a convenient time for you. Updates Any Time Hiring online allows you to be updated wherever you are. Since business is managed via email you can check the status or receive a notification instantly, from wherever you are. No waiting for phone calls or checking messages. Â  Communicate online, from wherever you happen to be. You can even communicate while on vacation, or during the weekend. More Control A local agent acts as a middleman between you and the writer. Instead of dealing with the writer directly, you communicate with the agency. A lot of communication and meaning can be lost in the interchange, and you will not be able to assess the writer’s understanding or clarify misunderstandings right away. Why not cut out the middle man and deal directly to you maintain control of the project and save time? Being a student means having many tasks, assignments and responsibilities simultaneously. It can be impossible to find the time to get everything done. Spending extra time contacting a local writing agency, making an appointment, traveling to the location, and meeting with someone is just not worth it. It is easy to see why the best choice is to hire a writer online. The benefits are numerous and the convenience can not be beaten.

What Is AP Research Should You Take It

What Is AP Research Should You Take It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips AP Research is a class introduced by the College Board as a part of its new AP Capstone program. But what does it really involve? How can you do well? In this article, I'll provide an overview of AP Research and give you some more information about whether you should take it and how you can be successful in the class. What Is AP Research? AP Research is the second course that students take in the AP Capstone program. It comes after AP Seminar.If you take AP Seminar and AP Research, you will earn an AP Research and Seminar Certificate, and if you take both classes in addition to four other AP courses and exams, you will earn an AP Capstone Diploma. This program is very new (the College Board rolled out the full version in the fall of 2014), but you will most likely benefit from it in the college application process when schools see the types of advanced assignments you've completed in these research-focusedclasses. In AP Research, students are encouraged to explore a topic or problem that interests them and design, plan, and conduct a year-long research project centered around it.The classrepresents the culmination of skills that students learn in AP Seminar, which include effectively analyzing sources, formulating coherent arguments backed up by evidence, and examining issues from differing points of view.Smaller research projects in AP Seminar will prepare you for the large-scale research project you will undertake in AP Research. Doing a long-term research project is a lot like scaling the craggy peak of a snowy mountain if you substitute physical discomfort for mental discomfort, but it's also just as rewarding in the end! What Exactly Will You Do in AP Research? AP Research consists entirely of a year-long research project.The end product is a 4000-5000 word academic paper and a 15-20 minute presentation with an oral defense.You will also be expected to compile the materials you used in your research into a portfolio.This piece of workis similar to a thesis project, so it’s good preparation for college academics. Topics for the research project are usually relatively open, but arguments for and against solutions to major problems in society tend to be the main focus. For example, you might investigate whether the government should invest more resources in finding and supporting sustainable energy sources. In your academic paper, you will be expected to: Introduce and contextualize your research question and your initial thoughts and hypotheses about it.In the case of my example, the research question might be "Should the government devote more resources to sustainable energy projects?" You would reflect on the question briefly here and share your initial uninformed opinions before diving into any research. Review previous ideas and works on the subject and their arguments and perspectives.This is where you would address arguments for and against the adoption of policies to promote the use of sustainable energy. This section lays the groundwork for your arguments in later sections of the paper. Explain your research method and why you approached the question this way.Here, you would discuss how you went about compiling sources for your research and how you collected the information. This lends credibility to your argument in the next section. Present your findings and interpret their significance in connection to your research question.In this section, you would lay out your argument based on the evidence you discovered through your research. In the example, your argument might be that we should devote more resources to sustainable energy projects because the long term consequences of continuing to use non-renewable energy sources will be extremely dire. You could support this argument with research that you touched on in previous sections. Discuss the implications and limitations of your findings and reflect on the process. This is where you would talk about any qualifiers related to your argument in the previous section. If you can't be absolutely sure of a conclusion that you drew or there is some speculation involved, you would go over those potential limitations. You would also talk about what your findings mean in a larger context. Talk about potential next steps on the issue in view of these findings.Basically, this is the "so what?" section. This is where you would present your ideas for what practical steps the world might take based on your research. In the example, this could be something like providing better tax incentives for businesses that use renewable energy sources or rearranging money in the government's budget in a specific way so that more of it goes towards clean energy projects. Provide a complete bibliography.This is pretty self-explanatory. You'll need to cite all your sources correctly and make sure that they're trustworthy. After you turn in your paper, you will also deliver a 15-20 minute presentation to a panel of teachers in whatever format works best for your research. You'll be asked to give a defense of your findings after your presentation. Your AP Research teacher and two panel members chosen by your teacher will ask you three or four questions about your work, and you'll have to answer them based on your research. You'll be judged on the quality of your defense. If you make a weak argument, your teacher will bang a gavel on her desk and scream "OVER-RULED!" again and again until you come up with something better. Should You Take AP Research? First of all, you can only take AP Research if you take AP Seminar beforehand.Make sure you plan out your classes carefullyif you want to end up in this class! If you are looking to earn the AP Research and Seminar Certificate or the AP Capstone Diploma, you will need to take this class.Keep in mind that for the Capstone Diploma you’ll also need to take four more AP classes and exams. Some colleges will offer you credit for taking these classesor will allow you to place out of introductory courses that are required for other students.This can make things a little easier on you during your freshman year. You’ll also be better prepared for college academics if you take AP Research.You will already be familiar with the process of collecting research and using it to formulate an opinion on a topic. When you're assigned your first research paper, you’ll know exactly where to start. Aside from those benefits, AP Research can be a fun way to explore a topic that genuinely interests you. You'll have a ton of freedom when it comes to choosing your topic, so you can explore almost any idea that you find compelling. AP Research is a good choice for students who are looking for a way to enrich their high school experience with independent research and enroll in competitive college programs. Go, be free. Soar through the wide open sky of source material on your wings of intellectual inquiry. How Can You Do Well in AP Research? In AP Research, the most important rule for doing well is to avoid falling behind!Since your entire grade rests on one long-term project, you will need to make sure that you are diligent about staying on task throughout the year.It’s tempting to procrastinate when it seems like you have such a long time to complete the project, but you won’t get the most out of your research if you don’t spread out your work.You want to avoid turning in a sub-par project that you don’t believe in because you ran out of time. I would also suggest that you finish doing all of your research before you start writing any part of your paper. It's hard to write a cohesive argument when you're adding to it piece by piece as you go along. It's best to compile all the information you need first, figure out your argument based on the evidence, and then start structuring your paper around it. This might seem obvious, but sometimes with these types of projects it's tempting to start working on the part that you actually have to turn in before you've fully explored all the background information. In a related point, you should be flexible and accept that you may need to reframe your research question.You never know what dead ends you might hit or how you might need to change your project as you learn more about your topic.The best way to plan for these scenarios is to start your research early.The highest-quality projects will be those that adapt to new findings over time. You will have to defend your work, so you should be sure that you believe in the point of view that you’re selling and that it's backed up by solid evidence. Finally, you shouldchoose a research question that fascinates you. Working on a research project for a whole year can get tedious, and you don't want to be completely sick of your topic after a couple of months. Talk to your teacher about your interests so that you can work together to find a viable research question that will hold your focus. Choose a topic with a lot of depth, just like this insanely creepy stairwell. Conclusion AP Research is the second class in the AP Capstone program after AP Seminar. It's similar to an independent study class andconsists entirely of one year-long research project on a topic of your choice. You will write a research paper summarizing your findings and then give an oral presentation followed by a defense of your argument. AP Research can be a useful class for students who want to be well-prepared for college-level assignments. It's a great way to hone your skills in effectively conducting research and formulating arguments based on evidence. It also might be a nice break from your other classes because of the level of freedom it provides to students. It's an opportunity to learn more about nearly any topic or question that intrigues you! What's Next? Not sure if you can take AP Research at your school? Consult this article for a list of all the high schools that offer the AP Capstone program. You should also take at this article for a detailed guide to which AP classes you should take in general. If you're on the fence about AP classes in general, check out this article for more information on how AP classes and exams might benefit you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

How the relationship between the U.S. and Israel has effected Research Paper

How the relationship between the U.S. and Israel has effected relations with Iraq, Palestine, Iran, AndAfghanistan - Research Paper Example How the relationship between the U.S. and Israel has affected relations with Iraq, Palestine, Iran and Afghanistan America’s relations with Israel have significant effects on its relations with other countries in the Middle East. Arabs generally have a feeling that America is supporting Israel blindly and keeps a blind eye towards the massacres conducted by Israel against the Arab world in general and against Palestine in particular. America’s foreign policies towards Middle East are influenced by its historical and cultural relations with Israel. Israel’s relationships with America are so strong because of the cultural similarities of these two countries. No other country in the world has ever succeeded in maintaining such a strong and long relationship with US as Israel does. Moreover, no other country in the world is getting such big financial and military aids from America as Israel does. Mearsheimer & Walt (2008) have pointed out that â€Å"As of 2005, dire ct US economic and military assistance to Israel amounted nearly to $ 154 billion, the bulk of it comprising of direct grants rather than loans† (Mearsheimer & Walt, 2008, p.24). Moreover, â€Å"Israel's bombing of Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor in 1981—despite formal criticism—was enthusiastically supported by the Reagan administration† (Zunes, 2006). Because of the strong relations with Israel, America never criticizes Israel even if Israel engages in illegal activities against the Arab world. ... They encouraged Taliban and Osama led Al-Qaida to fight against Soviet Union. They taught the Islamic fundamentalists that communism is against the religious beliefs and teachings of Islam. The rest is history now. America succeeded in expelling Soviet troops from Afghanistan; however, they forced to give huge prices for that later. The 9/11 incident and the current war on terror which destroyed the financial back bone of America were the outcomes of America’s injudicious efforts in Afghanistan earlier. â€Å"Despite the widely-held tail-wagging-the-dog assumptions, history has shown that the United States has frequently used Israel to advance its strategic interests in the Middle Eastern region† (Zunes, 2006). Neutral political observers quiet often confused to give proper answer to the question why United States is sacrificing its interests for Israel. In most of the issues in the Middle East region, America is playing its cards staying at the back drop. US donâ€℠¢t like the involvement of any other super powers in this region since the Middle Eastern region is blessed with immense natural resources like oil and fresh water. America is exploiting Israel-Arab enmity to block the interference of other superpowers in this region. However, America’s efforts are affecting them as a boomerang. â€Å"If the United States had not been a strong supporter of Israel, it would have been very difficult for Soviet Union to win friends and allies in the Islamic world†(Sheffer, 1997, p.32). At present most of the Arab countries like Iran, Palestine etc are in good relations with Russia. Moreover, America is facing stiff challenges in Afghanistan and Iraq. After the end of cold war and the defeat of

Authority, Structure and Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Authority, Structure and Organization - Essay Example From this study it is clear that  board of directors plays a very rudimentary role in plan implementation. They formulate organization’s vision and mission. They audit all components of plan implementation.   The board of directors also ensures the planned strategy is effective and efficient. At the beginning of the process, they help the team, members in choosing the ideal course and direction. Similarly, they provide an overview of specific opportunities and planning process. After implementation program, they review all strategies to ensure consistency of the implementation plans and main aims. Additionally, they give planning teams insight on the current trends. Lastly, they evaluate opportunities and threats.This paper discusses that the executive leaders execute the strategies of implementation. They ensure there is clear communication between the implementation committee. In future consideration, the leaders make long-term and short-term goals. Also, they play a cru cial role in strategy implementation that helps the idea to become part of the organisation.   In the long run the leaders align, measure make plan implementable.  The committee addresses issues of quality when the plans are being implemented. They evaluate the plan and give a further recommendation on how to improve the quality. The committee also evaluates, provide a report and implement involvement. Furthermore, they help in developing action plans in the health sector.

The Role Of Religion In International Relations

The Role Of Religion In International Relations In this book, it is informed that how vital is religion in international relations. The resurgence of religion seen as the driving force behind the clash of civilizations. According to Pavlos Hatzopoulos and Fabio Petito, religion remains as a threat to international relations own existence. In other words, politics with reference of religion became a threat to security, order and civility. PART I INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY AND RELIGION Resurgence of religion and cultural pluralism in international relations challenged the Western culture of modernity and the institutions of international society. This resurgence is part of the larger crisis of modernity. It reflects a deeper and more widespread disillusionment with a modernity that reduces the world to what can be perceived and controlledthrough reason, science, technology and bureaucratic rationality , and leaves out considerations of the religious, the spiritual, or the sacred. And also, the global resurgence of religion is the failure of the modernizing, secular state to produce both democracy and development in the Third World. Moreover, the global resurgence of religion can be seen as a revolt against the West in developing countries.  [1]   People always want to belong to different faith communities or to none. Now, there is a growing evidence in international relations to what different kind of religious perspectives may have offer to the world. The rejection of the study of religion is more stronger in international relations than in most other social sciences. The common ethical principles among the main world religions on war, peace, the just war, pacifism, human rights and peace building are identified by the scholars in international relations, Christian Ethics, and Religious Studies. These social ethics are also examined by various nongovernmental organizations such as the World Conference on Religion and Peace (Amman, Jordon, 1999) and the Parliament of the Worlds Religions.  [2]   Deep pluralism focuses the approach called virtue-ethics. It focuses on virtues, practisesand community rather than the individual or or a cosmopolitan community of humankind as a whole. The necessary dinstinction between theology(faith) and reason and leaded this question, which is superior faith or reason? A virtue-ethics approach shows how humanitarian practises can help to build up communuties in their faith as well as empower them as part of development. It maybe the case that two should go together if there is to be lasting political stability, democracy and development.  [3]   Theological and religious thinking causes debates about the role of the culture on the international politics. The presumed unity of ethics and politics mostly disappered along with it . The concequences of extinction , and the changes in theoretical perspective entailed other political models or view points . A community is not merely an artificial set of arrangemets between people. An it certainly cannot be a moral community. Humans create the state out of their own self interest means that the state can exist only so long as it appeals to peoples sinful needs rather than to any capacity for virtue tahat e denies most possess in any case. And also people obey law because it is in their self interest to do so, not because they believe it is the morally correct thing to do so. For him does not consider political activity to be natural to people nor does he believe that people engage in politics for y reason except promoting their own self interest. The article analyzes several specif ic theological views on multiculturalism in world politics, including religious pluralism, apologetics and syncretism.  [4]  Each of these perspectives challenge the exclusivist views of religion. Theological pluralism has many similarities with liberalism, yet analyses more deeply and ultimately challenge liberalisms Enlightenment presuppositions. On the other hand, apologetics is a dialogical processes which are designed to overcome the problems associated with alterity apologetics is a dialogical processes which are designed to overcome the problems associated with alterity. Syncretist religious ethics points to the contingency and multiplicity of identity. Taking these approaches seriously may well resonate with the aspects of the English School.  [5]   It shouldnt be ignored that traditional preoccupation with the problem of power in assessing the value of theological ethics. Stressing power similarities and differences, and differences including whether religious practices reinforce or challenge dominant economic and political structures of power is a contribution to the study of religion. PART II WAR, SECURITY, AND RELIGION Often the political resurgence of religious communities is accompanied by violent clashes in and between nations among others. We can give as examples; the bloody conflicts in Algeria, Bosnia, East Timor, Kashmir, Nigeria, Palestine and Sri Lanka. Primordialists argue that differences in religious traditions should be viewed the most important variable to explain violent interactions in and between nations. The resurgence of religion represents a big challenge to the existing status quo. Primordialists argue that differences in religious traditions should be viewed the most important variable to explain violent interactions in and between nations.  [6]  Instrumentalists think that conflicts may be aggravated by divergent religious creeds but they insist that the yare rarely if ever caused by them. According to them, the correlation between violent clashes and resurgence of religion is not surprising but it is necessary.  [7]  By contrast, moderate constructivists argue that a cts of violence requiers legitimization and religion and religious leaders provide such legitimization.  [8]   There is three theorethical perspectives on the impact of faith on political conflict: primordialism, instrumentalism, and moderate constructivism. In this view, cultural similarities and dissimilarities produce converging and diverging state interests. Most religious conflicts in international politics are asymmetric. States which have similar religious traditions and cosmologies will want to form alliances against whom they share little cultural and religious ideas. Violence will be largely confines to interactions that take place between civilizations. Under the conditions of scarcity and value pluralism, conflicts among groups are a universal feature of social life. They can not be avoidedbut must be taken as a result of human nature.  [9]  The sources of conflicts are usually very complex. Religious factors sometimes play a subordinate role as a source of conflicts. There is four determinants of elites strategic choices. The first one is; the degree of mobilization depends on the nature of conflict. The second one is; the degree of mobilization depends on the self-sacrificing attitudes of the groups members. The more commited the more to invest time and resources, the more practicable will be. The other determinant is; the degree of mobilization depends on the relationship between the conflict parties. And lastly, the degree of societal support depends on the public justification for the use of violence. Also there is two conditions for a successful implementation of the dialogue strategy. First, there is a dilemma between the different religious communuties. Before they resist against the violence, they have to be sure about the other communuties do the same. If this does not happen,peace would become the stupid according to conservative scholars. Secondly, all great religious communuties are more or less entangled in violent political clashes. The sources of conflicts are usually very complex. Religious factors sometimes play a subordinate role as a source of conflicts. Since the end of the Cold War, conflicts and wars are less because of political or ideological systems. And also they are not much caused by economic motives or territorial and because of gaining power. The motivations of conflicts are increasingly related to culture and identity. Or in other words, conflicts cause by ethnic or clash of civilizations. The resurgence of religion represents a big challenge to the existing status quo. And also they are not much caused by economic motives or territorial and because of gaining power. Most religious conflicts in international politics are asymmetric. Often secular states are attacked by religious groups. A threat from a religious group known for using terrorist methods. And this situation generally seen as a direct threat to sovereignty of the state. A religious attack on a secular state can be seen as one of the three main ways in which religion can be addressed within the realm of security politics  [10]  : A religious group is considered to be a threat to the survival of the state. Faith is seen as threatened by whoever or whatever nonreligious actor or process (the state, technology, industrialism, modernism, etc.). Faith is seen as threatened by another religious discourse or actor. Especially securitization on behalf of secularization against fundamentalism justifies many violations of democracy and civil liberties around the world. From a secular platform, religion as such can be depicted as a threat to political culture. On this issue international relations theory is not neutral observer as it pretends to be. It is implicated by its own secularist self perception.  [11]   PART III POLITICIZING RELIGION: TOWARD A NEW GLOBAL ETHOS? Inclusivism strives for a religious identitiy that exceed the locus of the sovereign state and the time frame of the present; it alternatively rests on a future fulfillment. Inclusivist religion can help to diminish the obstacles to a needed and desirable reconciliation of science, reason and sprituality.  [12]  Religion can bring clarity and charity to debates about a range of grievances regarding past abuses. Humane global govarnance can only ocur as the outcome of human struggle and to past efforts to overcome colonialism, slavery. The cultural division between East and West was historically neat and rigid. Between Christian and Islamic spirituality we can see familiar themes, but also a kind of sea change. In the Islamic context, intellectual spirituality is not a compact movement and it subscribe to a unified doctrine. Desecularization becomes a very important dimension of the intellectual and historical context. In this context, religion becomes an increasingly important factor in transnational and international relations. Because of the significance of religion in political arena, the Islamic resurgence in twentieth century viewed as the rise of political Islam. As a consequence, while the resurgence involves many dimensions, its political impacts received more attention. Political Islam have many types of movements. There have been movements advocating internal legal reform, the transformation of social institutions through legislation as well as social persuasion, revolutionary change of the political regime or political system. The resurgence of political Islam represents a big challenge to the existing status quo. And also it means that it is a challenge to political systems institutions and their moral and intellectual foundations.  [13]   The context of international relations has been experiencing significant transformations. Many older slogans, paradigms and ideologies that had shaped conceptual frameworks have been discredited or replaced. The collapse of Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War encouraged many to look for and identify new global threats, new enemies and conflicts. For some, political Islam became the next threat and global terrorism. But the realities of Muslim politics reflect a more complex and dynamic reality. The resurgence of religion and ethnicity has been global. Relations between Islam and the West show a process of conflict and change. Islamic jihads and Western clash of civilizations face new realities. Islamically inspired schools, medical clinics,hospitals, social services and financial institutions increased. Islamic parties demonstrated their ability to participate within the system and provide a political alternative to the regimes.Ä ±slamic activists served in cabinets became prime ministers and presidents.  [14]  The terrorism of 11 September highlighted the importance of the struggle within the Muslim world between the violent jihadist vision and the visions of pluralism and dialogue.  [15]  

An Efficient Bio-key Management Scheme for Telemedicine Applications

An Efficient Bio-key Management strategy for Telemedicine Applications Abstraction: Checkup detector webs play a critical function for real-time wellness attention monitoring of telemedicine based applications. Telemedicine provide specialized health care audience to patients in distant locations. We use electronic information and communicating engineerings to supply and back up health care when the distance separate the participants. In order to guarantee the privateness and security of patient’s critical wellness information, it is indispensable to supply efficient cryptanalysis strategy. This paper presents a fresh Mamdani based Bio-Key Management ( MBKM ) technique, which assures existent clip wellness attention supervising with out any overhead. We present the simulation consequences to demo that the proposed MBKM strategy can accomplish greater security in footings of public presentation prosodies such as False Match Rate ( FMR ) , False Non Match Rate ( FNMR ) , and Genuine Acceptance Rate ( GAR ) than other recent bing attacks. Keywords:Healthcare, security, Medical detector webs, Key Management 1. Introduction Progresss in communicating engineerings, such as wearable and implantable biosensors, along with recent developments in the embedded computer science country are enabling the design, development, and execution of medical detector webs. This category of webs is paving the manner for the deployment of advanced health care monitoring applications. In the past few old ages, much of the research in the country of medical detector webs has focused on issues related to medical detector designs, detector miniaturisation, low-power detector circuitry, signal processing, and communications protocols. In this paper, we present a novel Mamdani based Bio-Key Management ( MBKM ) , which assures existent clip wellness attention supervising with less operating expense for telemedicine applications. Telemedicine means the distant medical expertness at the point of demand or medicate at distance. Telemedicine engineering is chiefly required for the people populating in rural countries, aged people and handicapped people [ 1 ] . We highlight some of the design challenges and unfastened issues that still need to be addressed to do medical detector webs genuinely everyplace. The development of telemedicine based health care applications presents assorted fresh challenges like dependable existent clip informations transportation, seasonableness, Energy and Power direction for a broad scope of applications [ 2 ] . Further using new engineerings in telemedicine applications without sing security facets like privateness, hallmark, confidentiality and unity as susceptible [ 3 ] . For illustration, the patient’s wellness information is delicate and escape of single patient’s personal informations could do him uncomfortable. Furthermore sometimes exposing wellness information may ensue in a individual losing his occupation or do it infeasible to obtain insurance protection [ 4 ] . Fig.1 explains the hazards to patient security in Body Area Network ( BAN ) . Here assorted detectors are implanted in the human organic structure to mensurate the critical marks like ECG, EEG, EMG, Blood force per unit area, glucose degree, etc. , can be connected to other detectors or to the control nodes. Further detectors transmit the patient information to a medical expertness utilizing wired or wireless engineering. Now the interloper may spy the patient informations and he can change or may post the information in societal sites, which pose hazards to patient’s security. Fig.1 Risks to patient security More significantly, Healthcare supplier must follow HIPAA ( Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ) regulations. Otherwise supplier is subjected to punishment [ 5 ] .So a patient security is a most of import anxiousness in telemedicine based health care applications. 2. Related Plants With the betterment of progress engineering invasive computer science is observed as cardinal engineering to help streaming medical informations communicating for telemedicine based applications with the aid of deploying detectors [ 6, 7 ] .Several solutions for medical information security have been proposed to protect the Body country web security. ECC ( Elliptic curve cryptanalysis ) , hardware encoding, TinySec and biometric methods are sorts of solutions discussed in [ 8 ] . Link layer encoding is achieved in the organic structure country web by TinySec attack [ 9 ] . If one medical detector releases the key or it acts as an aggressor, all the information in the Body country web will be released. Elliptic curve cryptanalysis ( ECC ) has been used in the radio detector webs [ 10, 11 ] . This public cardinal cryptographic technique requires more energy compared to symmetric cardinal cryptanalytic techniques. Biometricss obtained from the human organic structure to procure the key is proposed in [ 12 ] . Compared with cryptanalytic techniques, this technique cut down calculation and communicating cost. Electro cardio gm ( ECG ) and Photo plethysmogram ( PPG ) signals are used as first-class biometric characteristics to procure the informations in organic structure country web [ 13, 14 ] . The fuzzed vault strategy has been preponderantly used for biometric hallmark, such as fingerprints and iris image acknowledgment [ 15–17 ] . Fuzzy vault strategy play a major function to work out the job of security in telemedicine based applications. Fuzzy vault strategy is used in Phsiological Signal based Key Agreement ( PSKA ) to set up secured pairwise cardinal understanding between the nodes in Body country webs [ 18 ] , which solves chiefly the synchronism job and issues in characteristic reordering [ 19 ] . Biometric Encryption strategy is a cryptanalysis strategy which is used to keep the security of biometries and bring forth a strong key from biometries [ 20 ] . In this strategy, the husk points are non necessary to be added to convey, so the hold clip and energy ingestion is reduced. In [ 21 ] , the writer proposes new thought for message and user hallmark. This strategy compares present ECG signal with the antecedently recorded ECG templet to verify the individuality. Since the templet is inactive, this method provides hapless public presentation. The writers of the paper [ 22 ] propose ECG-IJS strategy to better hallmark of streaming medical information. The writer used characteristics of ECG signal to identify coevals for unafraid real-time medical informations communicating. 3. System Design Mamdani based Bio-key Management ( MBKM ) strategy is proposed based on the earlier treatment on ECG-IJS strategy. MBKM strategy is introduced to guarantee the security for streaming medical informations communicating in Telemedicine based applications. The proposed MBKM strategy is shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 MBKM strategy A novel proposed MBKM strategy is shown in Fig. 2 which uses organic structure country webs to give qui vive to the infirmary, even before the patient have critical jobs like bosom onslaught, glucose degree through mensurating alterations in their important marks as temperature of the patient, pulse rate, glucose degree, blood force per unit area and respiratory rate. Detectors, which are implanted in the patient’s organic structure step the degree of important marks and convey the parametric quantity values to medical expert working in the intensive bearer unit of the infirmary to take necessary actions to salvage the life of a patient. Intensive attention units are equipped with multi-modal proctors which are able to simultaneously step and expose the wellness position of the patient. In such instance, this important real-time medical information must be good sheltered against aggressors and security facets must be satisfied [ 23 ] . Health attention units with hapless security execution processs for telemedicine may take to incorrect diagnosing and intervention for the patient. The process at the transmitter side is given as follows: Electrocardiogram detector is used to detect the ECG signal from the human organic structure. Nyquist theorem at the rate of 120 Hz is applied on the ECG signal to take samples. 512 points Fast Fourier transform ( FFT ) is conducted on the sampled ECG informations. Since FFT procedure is symmetric foremost 256 coefficients are retained among 512 coefficients. All the extremum values on the extracted FFT coefficients are used as characteristics. A multinomial equation with degree N is constructed and the cardinal K is generated. Patient’s information is encrypted with the generated key K and hash value based on SHA-1 algorithm is calculated. Then sender sends the envelope contains the encrypted message, subset of coefficients and hash value to the receiving system. The process at the receiver side is described as follows: Similar to the transmitter, receiving system besides repeats the process to detect the ECG signal, try the signal and pull out the first 256 Feature coefficients. Then a new multinomial with degree M is constructed utilizing the standard coefficients and the multinomial on all points in characteristics to acquire a set of braces. Key at the receiving system K’ is reconstructed from received coefficients and the new hash value is calculated. Key K and hash value is compared with reconstructed cardinal K’ and new hash value. If the keys are same, so decrypted information is authenticated informations. Mamdani based Fuzzy illation system is playing a major function to guarantee security in telemedicine applications. Stairss for the design of fuzzed illation system are explained in the instance of multinomial grade 10 as follows: 1 ) Input signal variables are identified as I1, I2and end product variable is identified as Y. 2 ) Universe of discourse for the input variables are defined in the scope [ -0.01, -1e-16] and end product variable is defined in the scope [ 0,1 ] . 3 ) Linguistic label assigned for the interval spanned by each input variables in to a figure of fuzzed subsets are taken as S1, S2, S3, S4, S5,Second6, S7, S8, S9, S10. Linguistic label assigned for the interval spanned by each end product variables in to a figure of fuzzed subsets are taken as Yttrium1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5Yttrium6, Y7, Y8, Y9, Y104 ) Triangular rank map is assigned for each fuzzy subset. 5 ) Rule-base is formed by delegating the fuzzy relationship between inputs fuzzed subsets on the one manus and end products fuzzy subset on the other manus. If I1is S1and I2is S1so Y is Y1.If I1is S1and I2is S2so Y is Y2.If I1is S1and I2is S3so Y is Y3.If I1is S1and I2is S4so Y is Y4.If I1is S1and I2is S5so Y is Y5.If I1is S1and I2is S6so Y is Y6.If I1is S1and I2is S7so Y is Y7.If I1is S1and I2is S8so Y is Y8.If I1is S1and I2is S9so Y is Y9.If I1is S1and I2is S10so Y is Y10.In similar manner, wholly the 100 combinations of regulations are formed. 6 ) Fuzzy end products recommended by each regulation are aggregated. 7 ) Crisp end product is obtained by using one of the defuzzification technique called Centroid of country ( COA ) . Then utilizing this end product, parametric quantities like False Match Rate, False Non Match Rate and Genuine Acceptance Rate are calculated. 4. Simulation Consequences We validate the MBKM strategy by mensurating the parametric quantities like False Match Rate ( FMR ) , False Non Match Rate ( FNMR ) and Genuine Acceptance Rate ( GAR ) and Half Total Error Rate ( HTER ) . For this strategy, we downloaded 10 patient’s ECG signal for 10 seconds from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. We used MATLAB package tool to imitate the proposed MBKM strategy. ECG signals are used for coevals of cardinal and medical information like EEG, EMG, blood glucose degree, blood force per unit area degree etc. , can be send to medical expertness in existent clip for telemedicine based applications. The public presentation of FMR versus figure of patients is given inFig. 3. FMR value represents the chance that the system falsely matches the input form to a non-matching templet in the database. It measures the per centum of invalid inputs which are falsely accepted. So FMR value must be low for the stable system. This secret plan proves that False Match Rate is lower in the proposed MBKM strategy when compared to ECG-IJS strategy. Fig. 3 FMR versus Number of patients The public presentation of FNMR versus figure of patients is shown inFig. 4. FNMR value represents the chance that the system fails to observe a lucifer between the input form and a duplicate templet in the database. It measures the per centum of valid inputs which are falsely rejected.Stable system should give lower FNMR. This secret plan proves that False Non Match Rate is lower in the proposed MBKM strategy when compared to bing ECG-IJS strategy. Fig. 4 FNMR versus Number of patients The public presentation of GAR versus figure of patients is present inFig. 5.GAR value represents the fraction of hallmark efforts by echt users that are accepted. Stable system should give higher GAR. This secret plan proves that Genuine Acceptance Rate is higher in the proposed MBKM strategy when compared to the bing ECG-IJS strategy. Fig. 5 GAR versus Number of patients The public presentation of HTER versus figure of patients is present inFig. 6.HTER value represents the norm of False Match Rate and False Non Match Rate. Stable system should give low HTER. This secret plan proves that HTER is lower in the proposed MBKM strategy when compared to the bing ECG-IJS strategy. Fig. 6 HTER versus Number of patients 5. Decision Secure communicating is robustly required to continue a patient’s wellness privateness and safety in telemedicine based applications. In this paper, we present an efficient Mamdani based Bio-Key Management ( MBKM ) strategy for cardinal direction based security strategy in telemedicine based applications. This strategy makes the system stable system by supplying low FNMR, High GAR, low FMR and low HTER. This new strategy is less complex and is offers the security in footings of hallmark, informations confidentiality, informations unity. It remains future work to make energy analysis and implement nervous web attack to procure medical informations communicating for telemedicine applications. Mentions: [ 1 ] Yasumitsu Tomaika, Isao Nakajima, Hiroshi Juzoji, Toshihikonkitano, Patent Issues on Telemedicine in eHealth, IEEE International conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Service,187-193,2008. Pardeep kumar and Hoon Jay-Lee, Security Issues in Healthcare Applications Using Wireless Medical Sensor Networks: A Survey, Sensors,55-91,2012 [ 3 ] Dimitriou, T. , ,Loannis, K. , Security Issues in Biomedical Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on Applied Sciences on Biomedical and Communication Technologies ( ISABEL’08 ) , Aalborg, Denmark, 25–28 October 2008. [ 4 ] Meingast.M, Roosta.T. , Sastry.S, Security and Privacy Issues with Healthcare Information Technology. In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, New York, NY, USA,5453-5458, 31 August–3 September 2006. . [ 5 ] Office for Civil Rights, United State Department of Health and Human Services. Medical Privacy. National Standards of Protect the Privacy of Personal-Health-Information. Available online: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/privacyrule/index.html. [ 6 ] J. Woods, â€Å"The five manners of centripetal applications, † Gartner Research, 2006. [ 7 ] M. M. M. B. Amer and M. I. M. Izraiq, â€Å"System with intelligent cable-less transducers for monitoring and analysing biosignals, † European Patent Application, 2007. [ 8 ] M. Mana, M. Feham, and B. A. Bensaber, â€Å"Trust cardinal direction strategy for radio organic structure country webs, † International Journal of Network Security, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 61–69, 2011. [ 9 ] C. Karlof, N. Sastry, and D. Wagner, â€Å"TinySec: a nexus bed security architecture for radio detector webs, † in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, ( SenSys ’04 ) , pp. 162–175, Baltimore, Md, USA, November 2004. [ 10 ] M. Guennoun, M. Zandi, and K. El-Khatib, â€Å"On the usage of biometries to procure radio biosensor webs, † inProceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Informationand Communication Technologies: FromTheory to Applications, ( ICTTA ’08 ), pp. 1–5, Damascus, Syria, April 2008. [ 11 ] P. Szczechowiak, L. B. Oliveira, M. Scott, M. Collier, and R. Dahab, â€Å"NanoECC: proving the bounds of elliptic curve cryptanalysis in detector webs, † inProceedings of the 5ThursdayEuropean Conference onWireless Sensor Networks, pp. 305–320, Bologna, Italy, February 2008. [ 12 ] S. Cherukuri, K. K. Venkatasubramanian, and S. K. S. Gupta, â€Å"BioSec: a biometric based attack for procuring communicating in wireless webs of biosensors implanted in the human organic structure, † inProceedings of the International Conferenceon Parallel Processing Workshops, pp. 432–439, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, October 2003. [ 13 ] C. C. Y. Poon, Y.-T. Zhang, and S.-D. Bao, â€Å"A novel biometries method to procure radio organic structure country detector webs for telemedicine and m-health, † IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 73–81, 2006. [ 14 ] S. D. Bao, C. C. Y. Poon, L. F. Shen, and Y. T. Zhang, â€Å"Using the timing information of pulse as an entity identifier to procure organic structure detector web, † IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 12, no. 6, pp.772–779, 2008. [ 15 ] U. Uludag, S. Pankanti, and A. K. Jain, â€Å"Fuzzy vault for fingerprints, † in Proceedings of the Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication ( AVBPA ’05 ) , vol. 3546, pp. 310–319, Hilton Rye Town, NY, USA, July 2005. [ 16 ] E. S. Reddy and I. R. Babu, â€Å"Authentication utilizing fuzzed vault based on iris textures, † inProceedings of the 2nd Asia International Conference on Modelling and Simulation, ( AMS ’08 ), pp. 361–368, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, May 2008. [ 17 ] A. Juels and M. Sudan, â€Å"A fuzzy vault strategy, † inProceedings of the International Symposium on Information Theory, vol. 38, pp. 237–257, Seattle, Wash, USA, July 2006. [ 18 ] K. K. Venkatasubramanian, A. Banerjee, and S. K. S. Gupta, â€Å"PSKA: useable and unafraid cardinal understanding strategy for organic structure country webs, †IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 60–68, 2010. [ 19 ] F. M. Bui and D. Hatzinakos, â€Å"Biometric methods for secure communications in organic structure sensor webs: resource-efficient cardinal direction and signal-level informations scrambling, †EURASIPJournal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2008, Article ID 529879, 16 pages, 2008. [ 20 ] A. K. Jain, K. Nandakumar, and A. Nagar, â€Å"Biometric templet security, †EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2008, Article ID 579416, 17 pages, 2008. 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How to Make and Keep an Appointment in German

No matter if you are arranging a first date or a dentist appointment, the etiquette of punctuality is famous in Germany. This article will teach you more about how to make appointments in Germany and express suitable arrangements in German. Calendar Dates and Clock Times in German Lets start with fixing a date. Dates of the month are described with a system called ordinal numbers. If you need a refresher, you can review vocabulary for months, days, and seasons. In Spoken German For numbers up to 19, add the suffix -te  to the number. After 20, the suffix is -ste. The trickiest part of getting your suffix right is to notice that it will change depending on the case and gender of your sentence. For example, look at these two sentences: Example: Ich mà ¶chte am vierten Januar in Urlaub fahren. — I would like to go on holiday on the 4th January.Der vierte Februar ist noch frei. — The fourth of February is still free. The ending changes are in line with how an adjectives endings change as its used in a sentence. In Written German Expressing ordinal numbers in written German is a lot easier since there is no need to adjust the suffix to case and gender. For dates in the calendar, simply add a dot after the number. Note that the German calendar format is dd.mm.yyyy. Treffen wir uns am 31.10.? — Are we meeting on 10/31?*Leider kann ich nicht am 31. Wie wà ¤re es mit dem 3.11.? — Unfortunately I cant make it on the 31st. How about 11/3? How to Set a Time The second part of making your appointment is setting a suitable time. If you want to leave the suggestion up to your conversation partner, you can ask: Um wieviel Uhr passt es Ihnen am Besten? — What time is best for you? For a firmer suggestion, the following phrases will be useful:   Wie sieht es um 14 Uhr aus? — How does 2 pm look?Kà ¶nnen Sie/Kannst du um 11:30? — Can you make it at 11:30?Wie wà ¤re es um 3 Uhr nachmittags? — How about 3 pm? Germans are early risers, by the way. The standard working day runs from 8 am to 4 pm, with an hour of lunch break allowed. School days also start at 8 am. In formal environments and written language, Germans will speak in terms of the 24-hour clock, but colloquially its also common to hear times of the day described in the 12-hour format. If you would like to suggest a meeting at 2 pm, 14 Uhr  or 2 Uhr nachmittags  or 2 Uhr  can all be considered appropriate. Its best to take the cue from your conversation partner. Punctuality Equals Politeness According to the stereotype, Germans are particularly offended by tardiness. The oft-quoted saying Pà ¼nktlichkeit ist die Hà ¶flichkeit der Kà ¶nige  (punctuality is the politeness of kings) sums up what your German friends or colleagues may think. So how late is too late? According to the etiquette guide, Knigge arriving just on time is what you should aim for, and zu frà ¼h is auch unpà ¼nktlich. Too early is unpunctual, too. So in other words, ensure that you calculate travel times correctly and dont be late. Of course, a one-off will be forgiven and calling ahead if it looks as though you wont manage to arrive on time is highly recommended. In fact, the matter goes even deeper than a simple time delay. In the German-speaking world, appointments are considered as firm promises. No matter if you are committing to dinner at a friends house or a business meeting, backing out at the last minute will be taken as a gesture of disrespect. In short, the best tip for making a good impression in Germany is always to turn up on time and be well prepared for any meeting. And by on time, they mean not early and not late.

The Pinnacle Level Of Leadership Essay - 1773 Words

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